BACKGROUND When robots mill bone near critical structures, safety margins are used to reduce the risk of accidental damage due to inaccurate registration. These margins are typically set heuristically with uniform thickness, which does not reflect the anisotropy and spatial variance of registration error. METHODS A method is described to generate spatially varying safety margins around vital ...

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is one of potential space of head and neck region and due to its hidden anatomical location, pathologies arising in this space are late to diagnose. This inverted pyramidal space was termed previously as pterygomaxillary space, lateral pharyngeal space and pharyngio-maxillary space. Parapharyngeal space is the current term that has come to stay because of indistinct i...

Poverty is no longer uniquely a humanitarian challenge for the developed nations of the West; it is now a first-order security problem. The evidence is now overwhelming that poverty contributes to violent conflict, helps the spread of infectious diseases, threatens global income growth and causes environmental damage. Governments are beginning to react to this threat, but have yet to mount a co...

It is a well-known fact that cache hits are vital to superscalar processor performance. The successful execution of a load allows resources to be freed up and it also allows dependent instructions to proceed to execution. As processor cores operating frequencies rise rapidly, the cache hierarchy is struggling to keep up in terms of speed while still trying to provide good hit rates, because the...

Safe and effective planning for robotic surgery that involves cutting or ablation of tissue must consider all potential sources of error when determining how close the tool may come to vital anatomy. A pre-operative plan that does not adequately consider potential deviations from ideal system behavior may lead to patient injury. Conversely, a plan that is overly conservative may result in ineff...