We describe the syntax and the semantics of a visual programming language for behavioral speciication of complex reactive systems. Like BNF grammar for specifying the syntax of the textual programming languages , we demonstrate how a visual language syntax can be deened by a rewrite rule language. These rules can act both as visual program generators as well as visual program parsers. At the sa...

proceeded difference in opinion of grammarians led to the capacity of thought in grammar of arabic language, and cause to the conflict in thought of the grammarians. this research aims to study the difference between grammarians in modern grammatical matters, which is similar to that difference that took place between grammarians in basra and kufa in matters of arabic grammar. the present resea...

Automatic identification of TV programs within TV streams is an important task for archive exploitation. This paper proposes a new spatial-temporal approach to identify programs in TV streams in two main steps: First, a reference catalogue for video grammars of visual jingles is constructed. We exploit visual grammars characterizing instances of the same program type in order to identify the va...

BACKGROUND Literacy impairments in dyslexia have been hypothesized to be (partly) due to an implicit learning deficit. However, studies of implicit visual artificial grammar learning (AGL) have often yielded null results. AIMS The aim of this study is to weigh the evidence collected thus far by performing a meta-analysis of studies on implicit visual AGL in dyslexia. METHODS AND PROCEDURES ...

Visual language specification has been investigated for more than two decades now and many different formalisms for specifying and parsing visual languages have been invented. However, there has been little attempt to develop a systematic and comprehensive hierarchy of visual languages based on their formal properties. Given the importance of the Chomsky hierarchy for the theory of textual lang...

Learning to play a musical instrument involves mapping visual + auditory cues motor movements and anticipating transitions. Inspired by the serial reaction time task artificial grammar learning, we investigated explicit implicit knowledge of statistical learning in sensorimotor task. Using between-subjects design with four groups, one group participants were provided followed along tapping corr...

This study examines digital fashion advertising discourse on social media from a multimodal perspective. The focus is Facebook clothing posts published by 'H&M' and the effect of gender determining semiotic modes used in such advertisements. data consists 8 for two genders company during (2020-2022). were analyzed using Kress Van Leeuwen's (2006) Visual Grammar paradigm to explore role choi...

This paper presents a method of learning deep AND-OR Grammar (AOG) networks for visual recognition, which we term AOGNets. An AOGNet consists of a number of stages each of which is composed of a number of AOG building blocks. An AOG building block is designed based on a principled AND-OR grammar and represented by a hierarchical and compositional AND-OR graph [33, 46]. Each node applies some ba...

Learning a foreign language offers a great challenge to students since it involves learning different skills and subskills. Quite a few number of researches have been done so far on the relationship between gender and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, two major approaches in teaching grammar have been offered by language experts, inductive and deductive. The present study examines...