There is growing recognition that interactions with nature provide many desirable human well-being outcomes, yet increasing urbanization is degrading the quality and quantity of nature experiences. Thus, it has become increasingly important to understand how and why urban dwellers interact with nature. Studies of urban green space use have largely focused on the availability and ease of access ...

Plant-pollinator interactions are one of the most important and variable mutualisms in nature. Multiple pollinators often visit plants and can vary in visitation rates, pollen removal and deposition, and spatial and temporal distribution, altering plant reproduction and patterns of pollinator-mediated selection. Although some visitors may not be effective pollinators, pollinator effectiveness i...

Pollinator abundance is declining worldwide and may lower the quantity and quality of pollination services to flowering plant populations. Loss of an important pollinator is often assumed to reduce the amount of pollen received by stigmas of a focal species (pollination success), yet this assumption has rarely been tested experimentally. The magnitude of the effect, if any, may depend on the re...

Making scientific measurements can alter the subject of the measurement (Heisenberg 1927), limiting one’s ability to understand how systems operate when they are not being studied. The idea that such effects occur during ecological research is not new (e.g., Singer and Wedlake 1981, Major 1990, Duncan et al. 2002), but our recent studies have renewed awareness (Cahill et al. 2001, 2002, Hik et ...

Individual identification of the relatively cryptic forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) at forest clearings currently provides the highest quality monitoring data on this ecologically important but increasingly threatened species. Here we present baseline data from the first 20 years of an individually based study of this species, conducted at the Dzanga Clearing, Central African Republic. A t...

BACKGROUND Parks are generally an under-utilized resource in the community with great potential to enhance levels of physical activity. If parks are to attract more visitors across a broad cross-section of the population and facilitate increased physical activity, research is needed to better understand park visitor characteristics and how visitors spend their time in parks. The Recording and E...

Abstract Abandoned mines provide habitat for bats, but their importance to other wildlife is less understood. This descriptive study was designed answer the following questions with an emphasis on carnivores: are species than bats visiting abandoned mines, entering does visitation at differ seasonally, and individual mines? To address these questions, we monitored 50 using remote cameras in nor...