In accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature with the express purpose of clarifying the systematic status of some species, neotypes are designated for Apion atratum Gravenhorst, 1807, Apion chloris Gravenhorst, 1807, Apion longirostre Gravenhorst, 1807 and Apion pilosellum Gravenhorst, 1807. Three new synonymies are proposed: Perapion hydrolapathi (Marsham, 1802) = Apion...

We have studied the posterior Hox gene Nvi-Post1 expression in the early development of the polychaete Nereis virens. This is the first evidence of the posterior group Hox genes expression during the larval development of a Lophotrochozoan. The expression begins in the trochophore hyposphere at the prospective sites of larval parapodia. As the larva develops the expression weakens and finally b...

Plant-associated fungi are considered a vast source for biotechnological processes whose potential has been poorly explored. The interactions and diversity of sugarcane, one of the most important crops in Brazil, have been rarely studied, mainly concerning fungal communities and their interactions with transgenic plants. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study was, based on cu...

trichoderma harzianum (t39), t.virens (dar74290), t.viride (mo), t. harzianum (m) and trichderminb a commercial formulation of t. harzianum(bi) were evaluated as potential biological agents for the control of charcoal stem rot in melon caused by macrophomina phaseolina. cell-free metabolites of t. harzianum(m), t. harzianum (t39) and t. virens (dar 74290) inhibited growth of m. phaseolina compl...

We have previously reported that disruption of a maize root-expressed 9-lipoxygenase (9-LOX) gene, ZmLOX3, results in dramatic increase in resistance to diverse leaf and stalk pathogens. Despite evident economic significance of these findings, the mechanism behind this increased resistance remained elusive. In this study, we found that increased resistance of the lox3-4 mutants is due to consti...

The unstable isomeric compounds 5-hydroxy-7-prop-2-en-(E)-ylidene-7,7adihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-6-one (1) and 5-hydroxy-7-prop-2-en-(Z)-ylidene-7,7adihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-6-one (2), previously described as antimicrobial metabolites from the sponge Ulosa sp., were isolated and identified as major components of the ascidian Diplosoma virens. In this paper, full spectral data for 2 and ...

Pulp and paper mill effluents pollute water, air and soil, causing a major threat to the environment. Several methods have been attempted by various researchers throughout the world for the removal of colour from pulp and paper mill effluents. The biological colour removal process uses several classes of microorganisms--bacteria, algae and fungi--to degrade the polymeric lignin derived chromoph...

abstract the root and foot rot of wheat is one of the important disease of wheat over the world. the root and foot rot of wheat observed more frequently in the resent years at khorasan province (northeast of iran). for investigation the causal agents, several samples were collected from wheat fields of north khorasan in 2007 and 2008. culture of diseased parts of plants on pda resulted. fusariu...

in this survey, the effect of two commercial products trichodermin (trichoderma harzianum bi ) and subtilin (bacillus subtilis s) along with one strain of t. virens vm1 isolated from sugar beet farms of mashhad were used for controlling heterodera schachtii in field conditions. t. virens vm1 was formulated as two other commercial products. in this order, this strain was sub cultured on p.d.a. t...