The growing resistance to antimicrobial agents of all respiratory tract bacterial pathogens has made the management of sinusitis more difficult. The upper respiratory tract including the nasopharynx serves as the reservoir for pathogenic bacteria that can cause respiratory infections including sinusitis. During a viral respiratory infection, potential pathogens can relocate from the nasopharynx...

Dendritic cells located at the body surfaces, e.g. skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, play an essential role in the induction of adaptive immune responses to pathogens and inert antigens present at these surfaces. In the respiratory tract, multiple subsets of dendritic cells (RDC) have been identified in both the normal and inflamed lungs. While the importance of RDC in antigen trans...

BACKGROUND The epidemiology of human parechovirus (HPeV) in Asia remains obscure. We elucidated the prevalence, seasonality, type distribution and clinical presentation of HPeV among children in Hong Kong. METHODS A 24-month prospective study to detect HPeV in children ≤36 months hospitalized for acute viral illnesses. RESULTS 2.3% of the 3911 children examined had HPeV infection, with most...

At present time, a number of questions regarding the pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches to treatment new coronavirus infection COVID-19 remain unresolved. In some cases, patients with may experience symptoms gastrointestinal tract disorder. According literature, SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in affect gut microbiota. The article aims review studies about possible relations...

The common cold is an acute, self-limiting, viral inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. It causes nasal discharge and congestion, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough. The common cold actually describes an array of similar conditions caused by a vast number of different viruses. It is most often caused by infection with rhinoviruses (50-80%) and coronaviruses [1] . It may al...

OBJECTIVES To describe the pattern of infectious diseases among children admitted from a residential child care centre and to identify any unusual clusters of admissions. DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS All children from a residential child care centre aged over 28 days who were admitted from the Accident and Emergency Department to paediat...

Recent molecular diagnostic methods have significantly improved the diagnosis of viral pneumonia in intensive care units (ICUs). It has been observed that 222G/N changes in the HA gene of H1N1pdm09 are associated with increased lower respiratory tract (LRT) replication and worse clinical outcome. In the present study, the frequency of respiratory viruses was assessed in respiratory samples from...

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of major causes of viral respiratory tract disease in young children and infants. We aimed to study the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus and its subtypes in pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pediatric patients less than two years old tested by nested polymerase chain reaction with the evaluation of routinely used methods of diagnosi...