CO2 per year by 2030 [1]. Petroleum-based materials and chemical have been replaced by biological-based materials and chemicals with environmental advantages such as sustainability and biodegradability [2, 3]. One of these petroleum based-chemicals is the short chain carboxylic acids or volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFA are carboxylic acids with a carbon chain between 2 and 7 carbons [acetic (2),...

Determining the visceral fat amount is important in the risk stratification for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and obesity-related disorders. The area-based measurement of visceral fat area (VFA) via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate but expensive and time-consuming method for estimating visceral fat amount. The aim of our study was to identify a practical predictive parameter ...

In this paper, three Hybrid Virtual Force Algorithms (HVFA) are proposed to improve the performance of coverage rate, connectivity and energy-efficient moving for dynamic deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Potential-field-based virtual force algorithm (PF-VFA) can improve the coverage area by distributed mobile deployment. However, the network connectivity performance is degraded du...

To concurrently control root-knot nematodes and treat pig manure further clarify the mechanism of anaerobic digestion slurries on nematodes, optimal conditions for producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were studied, relationship between carboxyl group in fermentation mortality rate was also researched. When condition parameters set as initial pH=10.0, temperature 25 °C, total solid (TS) loading...

The objectives were to compare the ability of various rumen microbial fractions to reduce nitrate and to assess the effect of nitrate on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Physical and chemical methods were used to differentiate the rumen microbial population into the following fractions: whole rumen fluid (WRF), protozoa (Pr), bacteria (Ba), and fungi (Fu). The three nitrogen substrate tre...

1. The present paper reports the effects of dietary modifications on the diurnal pattern of concentrations of certain metabolites and hormones in the peripheral blood of lactating dairy cows. The cows were given fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates in the proportions of 30:70 or 10:90 (w/w). The concentrates were given in either two or six equal meals daily; the hay was given twice...

Canola co-products are sources of amino acid and energy in pig feeds, but their fermentation characteristics in the pig intestine are unknown. Thus, we determined the in vitro fermentation characteristics of the canola co-products Brassica juncea solvent-extracted canola meal (JSECM), Brassica napus solvent-extracted canola meal (NSECM), B. napus expeller-pressed canola meal (NEPCM) and B. napu...

AIM The aim of this study is to develop a simple method for estimating visceral fat area (VFA) using medical examination data. METHODS The study subjects were 100 males who had undergone medical examinations and computed tomography (CT) at the umbilicus level. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate VFA. The Bland & Altman Method was used to examine the tendency for mean differ...

Abdominal fat accumulation is known to be strongly implicated in development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined diagnostic values of obesity-related parameters in 95 men and 185 women, and we determined optimal cutoff values of visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference (WC) for predicting the presence of multiple non-adipose components of MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (RO...

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrate-nitrogen used as a sole dietary nitrogen source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial nitrogen (MN) synthesis. Three treatment diets were formulated with different nitrogen sources to contain 13% CP and termed i) nitrate-N diet (NND), ii) urea-N diet (UND), used as negative control, and iii) tryptone-N diet (TND)...