In this work, we analysed nadir observations of atmospheric infrared emissions carried out by VIRTIS, a high-resolution spectrometer on board the European spacecraft Venus Express. We focused on the ro-vibrational band of CO2 at 4.3 μm on the dayside, whose fluorescence originates in the Venus upper mesosphere and above. This is the first time that a systematic sounding of these non-local therm...

Salmonella Gallinarum is a pathogen with a host range specific to poultry, while Salmonella Enteritidis is a broad host range pathogen that colonizes poultry sub-clinically but is a leading cause of gastrointestinal salmonellosis in humans and many other species. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the complex interplay between Salmonella and their hosts, the molecular basis of host...

The steady state kinetic mechanism, molecular isotope exchange and the positional isotope exchange (PIX) reactions of D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase from Salmonella typhimurium have been studied. The kinetic mechanism has been determined to be ordered Ter-Ter from initial velocity and product inhibition experiments. The first substrate to bind is ATP followed by the addition of 2 mol of D-alanine. P...

known as “oobleck” after the complex fluid in one of Dr. Seuss’s classic children’s books arises from their transition from fluid-like to solid-like behavior when stressed. The viscous liquid that emerges from a roughly 2-to-1 (by volume) combination of starch to water can be poured into one’s hand. When squeezed, the liquid morphs into a doughy paste that can be formed into shapes, only to “me...

Conference Presentations Why would more than 2,000 epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, veterinary, and other public health professionals from more than 70 nations gather in a very hot July in Atlanta, Georgia to discuss problems that vex the world? The International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases (ICEID) 2000 was the occasion, and they attended the conference because they are commi...

– We report the first experimental measurements of the contact number distribution between randomly packed granular right cylinders (rods and disks) as a function of aspect ratio. The average coordination number 〈z〉 for cylinders varies smoothly with aspect ratio rising from 〈z〉 ∼ 6 for aspect ratios close to one to 〈z〉 ∼ 10 for large aspect ratio. Additionally, our measurements demonstrate the...

BACKGROUND The ending of a clinical trial may be challenging, particularly if staff are required to withdraw the investigated treatment(s); however, this aspect of trial work is surprisingly under-researched. To address this gap, we explored the experiences of staff involved in closing out a trial that entailed withdrawal of treatment (insulin pumps) from some patients. METHODS Interviews wer...

s and titles for Collo April 4 2005 at the U A convex and tractable formulation for robu Eric Kerrigan (eck21@cam.ac.uk) University of Cambridge The problem of finding optimal control law disturbances or model uncertainty is relative results, which allow for the explicit incorpo in the optimal control problem, are either to intractable. Much of current research in opt non-conservative and compu...

Consider a process calculus that allows agents to communicate values. The structural operational semantics involves substitution of values for variables. Existing rule formats, such as the GSOS format, do not allow this kind of explicit substitution in the semantic rules. We investigate how to derive rule formats for languages with substitution, by using categorical logic to interpret the frame...

Where new neurons come from he brain has come alive with the sightings of stem cells, but the molecular handles on those cells are few. On page 169, Belachew et al. identify and characterize a new population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that can generate neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. In previous work, the researchers identified cells that express CNP in transgenic mice using a CNP-GFP ma...