This paper defi nes three types of typical certifi ed farms in Kenyan export production: smallholder farms, large-scale contracted farms, and exporter-owned farms. It assesses their economic performance, compares the fi nancial cost of compliance with the EurepGAP standard, and analyses transaction costs. Results show that larger farms are not generally performing more effi ciently compared to ...

The potential of Euglossini bees, especially Euglossa, as biological indicators of organic vs nonorganic coffee farms was studied in Atenas and San Isidro, Alajuela, Costa Rica using 1.8-cineole as lure. Observations were made for three days at each of four farms and complemented with data from a year of observations. Orchid bees were in greater abundance in the organic farms (t-Student test). ...

A questionnaire survey to examine worm control practices on angora and other goat farms in Denmark was undertaken in 1993. Questionnaires were inserted in the July, 1993 issue of the official journal of the angora goat farmers in Denmark (Mohair News) and 72 questionnaires posted directly to other goat farms selected from a list of 150 farms registered with the Goat Breeders Association. Data f...

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases can often be of conservation importance for wildlife. Spillover, when infectious disease is transmitted from a reservoir population to sympatric wildlife, is a particular threat. American mink (Neovison vison) populations across Canada appear to be declining, but factors thus far explored have not fully explained this population trend. Recent research has shown, h...

The electric power generation of co-located offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters along the California coast is investigated. Meteorological wind and wave data from the National Buoy Data Center were used to estimate the hourly power output from offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters at the sites of the buoys. The data set from 12 buoys consists of over 1,000,000 h of sim...

Algorithmic skeletons intend to simplify parallel programming by providing a higher level of abstraction compared to the usual message passing. Task and data parallel skeletons can be distinguished. In the present paper, we will consider several approaches to implement one of the most classical task parallel skeleton, namely the farm, and compare them w.r.t. scalability, overhead, potential bot...

because of endemic parasitological infectious diseases in iran and contaminated vegetables, as one of the most important ways of contamination, carried out a parasitical study on 263 vegetable samples from 44 farms in the suburbs of tehran city, and also 166 vegetables samples from 20 green grocery markets in the same city. from 263 samples of farms 147 cases (65%) of contamination were recorde...

The bias against mangrove areas in siting fish farms prompted a comparison of the cost structure and yield performance in upland and mangrove locations. Tools utilized included descriptive statistics, budgetary and cash flow analyses and profitability ratios. Empirical results revealed that substantial revenue could be realized from both farms. While the upland farms yielded average gross reven...

O constante crescimento da população global tem revelado a demanda por soluções agroprodutivas sustentáveis de enfrentamento à produção alimentos frescos em larga escala. Este artigo investiga os benefícios implantação fazendas verticais enquanto modelo sustentável alimentar nas cidades. Neste estudo, buscou-se compreender impactos positivos das implantadas áreas urbanas consolidadas, meio cont...