abstract background and aim: considering the widespread development of implants in dental treatment plans, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are of especial importance. in the present study we investigated the effect of head misalignment up to 15° around vertical and horizontal axes on the magnification rate of digital panoramic radiography in each part of upper and lower jaws. mater...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the position of mandibular third molar (m3) and vertical skeletal malocclusions. methods: materials for the study consisted of panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 73 fifteen to nineteen-year-old class i patients (girls=66%, boys= 34%). patients were classified into three groups based on four vertical ...

results first needle placement without imaging resulted in blood return in 1/199 participants and positive epidurography in 179/199 (90%). minimal needle repositioning resulted in a positive epidurogram in the remaining 19 attempts. no intravascular injection patterns were observed. conclusions this compares favorably to published success rates of fluoroscopically-guided technique and was well ...

With economies of scale, a vertically integrated firm can lower its upstream cost by supplying downstream competitors. The competitors may strategically choose not to purchase from the integrated firm, unless the latter’s price for the intermediate good is sufficiently lower than those of alternative suppliers. In a simple model of dynamic scale economies through learning by doing, equilibrium ...

This document describes an application programming interface and a corresponding protocol (MGCP) for controlling Voice over IP (VoIP) Gateways from external call control elements. The MGCP assumes a call control architecture where the call control ’intelligence’ is outside the gateways and handled by external call control elements. Arango, Dugan, Elliott, Huitema, Pickett [Page 1] draft-huitema...

We investigate criteria to relate specifications and implementations belonging to conceptually different levels of abstraction. For this purpose, we introduce the generic concept of a vertical implementation relation, which is a family of binary relations indexed by a refinement function that maps abstract actions onto concrete processes and thus determines the basic connection between the abst...

BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of our study is to analyze the different techniques used in arthroscopic treatment of talus osteochondral lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD We retrospectively analyzed 73 patients who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2011. Patients were divided in two groups: group A (51 patients), those treated with osteochondral stimulation techniques, and group B (32 patients), that...

We are searching for an unknown horizontal or vertical line in the plane under the competitive framework. We design a well-suited framework for all cylcic strategies that result in two-sequence functionals. For optimizing such functionals we apply a method that combines two main paradigms. The given solution shows that the combination method is of general interest. Finally, we obtain the curren...

The Darwinian concept of biological evolution assumes that life on Earth shares a common ancestor. The diversification of this common ancestor through speciation events and vertical transmission of genetic material implies that the classification of life can be illustrated in a tree-like manner, commonly referred to as the Tree of Life. This article describes features of the Tree of Life, such ...

A SIR epidemic model with delay, saturated contact rate and vertical transmission is considered. The basic reproduction number 0 R is calculated. It is shown that this number characterizes the disease transmission dynamics: if 0 1 R , there only exists the disease-free equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable; if 0 1 R , there is a unique endemic equilibrium and the disease persists,...