mosquitoes is well known. As Hoffman and Miller comment, ‘We suggest a combination of directed wind and volatile repellent might be developed as a mosquito deterrent strategy for the backyard setting’ [3]. Indeed, the combination of DEET and permethrin in a coconut base (Mosbar) as a malaria control measure looks promising (M. Rowlands et al., unpublished). Volatile oils from plants can serve a...

A monolithic integrated DNA analysis system comprised of microfluidic valves and vents, PCR amplification chambers, and capillary electrophoretic separation channels has been microfabricated in a glass sandwich structure. Valves and hydrophobic vents provide controlled and sensorless sample loading into 280 nl PCR chambers; the low volume reactor and the use of thin film heaters permit thermal ...

Hydrothermal flow through seafloor black smoker vents is typically turbulent and vigorous, with speeds often exceeding 1 m/s. Although theory predicts that these flows will generate sound, the prevailing view has been that black smokers are essentially silent. Here we present the first unambiguous field recordings showing that these vents radiate significant acoustic energy. The sounds contain ...

Extensive CO2 vents have been discovered in the Wagner Basin, northern Gulf of California, where they create large areas with lowered seawater pH. Such areas are suitable for investigations of long-term biological effects of ocean acidification and effects of CO2 leakage from subsea carbon capture storage. Here, we show responses of benthic foraminifera to seawater pH gradients at 74-207m water...

A brief observation of the developments in mining systems and technology in the past 2 to 4 years is presented. Discussions on the development of other deep-ocean resources that are somewhat similar to nodule production also include gas hydrates, Cobalt-rich manganese crusts, hydrothermal vents and deep-ocean water upwelling (DOW). Previous reviews of deep-ocean mining can be found in Chung (19...