in this study, the effect of irrigation regimes and plant nutrition were evaluated as split plot arrangment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010. treatments consisted of irrigation regimes at three levels: well-irrigation, irrigation disruption at vegetative growth stage, and irrigation disruption at reproductive growth stage as main plots and combination of...

Density, distribution, and nutritional quality of plants are the causal basis of host plant selection in aphids. Nutritional qualities of a plant vary according to its growth stage and also in response to seasonal variation. How host plant growth stages shape aphid performance was studied in Aphis spiraecola Patch (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the perennial Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) King ...

Computer simulations similar to actual trees were constructed using simple branching rules. Branch orientation with respect to the direction of gravity was a fundamental consideration. In Cornus kousa BUERG. ex HANCE, several types of branches develop from winter buds, varying from orthotropic shoots to plagiotropic ones. Based on actual observations and measurements of branching structures wit...

Male plants of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) senesce following flowering. It has been suggested that nutrient drain by male flowers is insufficient to trigger senescence. The partitioning of radiolabelled photosynthate between vegetative and reproductive tissue was compared in male (staminate) versus female (pistillate) plants. After the start of flowering staminate plants senesce 3 weeks earl...

Photosynthesis is one of the principle biochemical processes underpinning plant growth and development. Because of its basic nature, it is intimately involved with reproductive growth and determining crop yields. Photosynthesis of a crop canopy can be broken down into three components: 1) leaf area development, 2) photosynthetic rate per leaf area, and 3) partitioning assimilates between vegeta...

Costs of reproduction due to resource allocation trade-offs have long been recognized as key forces in life history evolution, but little is known about their functional or genetic basis. Arabidopsis lyrata, a perennial relative of the annual model plant A. thaliana with a wide climatic distribution, has populations that are strongly diverged in resource allocation. In this study, we evaluated ...

colonies was white to gray, and the reverse was colored pale yellowish brown. The strain produced no reproductive structures even on sterilized natural substrates. The absence of morphological characteristics implied that this fungus could be treated as a deuteromycete in the Agonomycetes3). YM-170320 (1) was produced by solid state fermentation. Vegetative mycelia of strain YL-03706F growing o...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reproductive costs imply trade-offs in resource distribution at the physiological level, expressed as changes in future growth and/or reproduction. In dioecious species, females generally endure higher reproductive effort, although this is not necessarily expressed through higher somatic costs, as compensatory mechanisms may foster resource uptake during reproduction. METH...