The concept of disjoining pressure, developed from thermodynamic and hydrodynamic analysis, has been widely used as a means of modeling the liquid-solid molecular force interactions in an ultra-thin liquid film on a solid surface. In particular, this approach has been extensively used in models of thin film transport in passages in micro evaporators and micro heat pipes. In this investigation, ...

The global phase diagram ~i.e., vapor–liquid and fluid–solid equilibrium! of two-center Lennard-Jones ~2CLJ! model molecules of bond length L5s has been determined by computer simulation. The vapor–liquid equilibrium conditions are obtained using the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method and by performing isobaric-isothermal NPT calculations at zero pressure. In the case of the solid phase, two clo...

A comparative study of formaldehyde (HCHO) fumigation was carried out by controlled vaporization, using an electric vapor generator, and by the Formalin-permanganate method. Determination of vapor levels as well as bactericidal action showed the generator to be more effective. Maximum achievable fumigant levels were temperature dependent and related to the equilibrium vapor concentration of HC...

Using recently derived-values of the water vapor dimer spectral absorption cross section we calculate the water vapor dimer contribution to the clear sky absorption of solar radiation. We consider the water dimer concentrations deduced from local equilibrium thermodynamics, and we account for the overlap of water vapor dimer and monomer absorption bands. We estimate that water vapor dimer contr...

Using continuum dynamic van der Waals theory in a radial 1D geometry with a Lennard-Jones fluid model, we investigate the nature of vapor bubble nucleation near a heated, nanoscale-curved convex interface. Vapor bubble nucleation and growth are observed for interfaces with sufficiently large radius of curvature while phase stabilization of a superheated fluid layer occurs at interfaces with sma...

Equilibria of distribution of amino acid side chains, between their dilute aqueous solutions and the vapor phase at 25 degrees C, have been determined by dynamic vapor pressure measurements. After correction to pH 7, the resulting scale of "hydration potentials", or free energies of transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution, spans a range of approximately 22 kcal/mol. The side c...

Estimates are made of the effect of changes in tropospheric water vapor on the climate sensitivity to doubled carbon dioxide (CO2), using a coarse resolution atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean. The sensitivity of the model to doubled CO2 is found as the difference between the equilibrium responses for control and doubled CO2 cases. Clouds are specified to ...