Reduction of ovarian steroids at menopause leads to significant changes in the urogenital tract. These changes often worsen with time, particularly in nonsmokers, affecting up to 38% of menopausal women. Urogenital symptoms that clearly respond to estrogen therapy include atrophic vaginitis, dryness, and accompanying dyspareunia. Estrogen reduces urinary tract infections in women plagued by fre...

the result of transvaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation technique, as part of the vaginal repair procedure for massive uterovaginal (pelvic organ prolapse stage iii and stage iv and vault prolapse) is evaluated. a total of 32 women were included in the present case series. marked uterovaginal prolapse was present in 28 women and four had vault prolapse following hysterectomy. patients with va...

Mucosal epithelia use osmotic gradients for fluid absorption and secretion. We hypothesized that administration of hypotonic solutions would induce fluid uptake that could be advantageous for rapidly delivering drugs through mucus to the vaginal epithelium. We found that hypotonic formulations markedly increased the rate at which small molecule drugs and mucoinert nanoparticles (mucus-penetrati...

INTRODUCTION Vaginal atrophy, which may affect up to 45% of postmenopausal women, is often associated with one or more urinary symptoms, including urgency, increased frequency, nocturia, dysuria, incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infection. AIMS To provide an overview of the current literature regarding cellular and clinical aspects of vaginal atrophy and response to treatment with lo...

BACKGROUND Obstetric fistula is a resultant effect of prolonged obstructed labour. The best surgical management of simple uncomplicated fistula determines the outcome of care. OBJECTIVE To compare outcome of uncomplicated mid-vaginal fistula between vaginal and abdominal route of repair. MATERIALS AND METHOD This was a hospital based retrospective study conducted at the University College H...

10.2217/14750708.4.3.349 © 2 Up to 40%of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Since the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may also occur in premenopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels of estrogen. The thinned vaginal epithelium and increased vaginal pH level induced by ...

Introduction: Vaginal route of hysterectomy is being reinvented in the present era due to the advantage of reduced operating time, lesser hospital stay, reduced morbidities and better patient satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaginal hysterectomy as a primary route for all indicated cases, in absence of uterovaginal prolapse. Materials and...

Upper genital tract infection by Cryptococcus neoformans has not previously been reported. We describe such a case, in order to alert clinicians to the existence of this rare infection. A 34-year-old woman with AIDS presented with chronic menorrhagia, fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Despite blood transfusions and hormonal therapy, her vaginal bleeding could not be controlled and she became...

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the association between lower genital tract inflammation and objectively diagnosed endometritis. We analyzed the first 157 patients enrolled in the PEACH study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of outpatient and inpatient therapy for PID. Women less than 38 years of age, who presented with a history of pelvic...

Orally consumed viable bacteria with proposed beneficial health effects, the so-called probiotics, are increasingly used to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been recently suggested that specifically selected lactobacilli could have a therapeutic role in female urogenital tract infections. It has been also suggested that some of these bacteria could be not intravaginally ins...