A mucoadhesive drug delivery system for local delivery of metronidazole through vaginal route was formulated. Films were prepared by solvent evaporation method using various compositions of Carbopol, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, chitosan, Polyox and propylene glycol. The films were evaluated for their weight, thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, mechanical, drug content uniformity, in vit...

Background HIV-1 is primarily a mucosal pathogen since more than 80% of infections occur through genital exposure. Vaginal intercourse, though an inefficient mode of transmission, contributes more new infections worldwide than any other route. Also, the female reproductive tract has been identified as a compartment that harbors variants distinct from blood. Present study aims to highlight viral...

Gynaecologists traditionally define a rectocele as a prolapse of the rectum into the vagina with descent towards the introitus and have repaired this via a transvaginal route. Although the first posterior colporrhaphy was ascribed to Simon of Heidelberg in 1867 1, initial studies of bowel function after a rectocele repair were published only in the early 1990s 2, 3, 4. These reports concur that...

BACKGROUND Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been routinely used for ovulation induction. Because of rapid clearance of the hormone, FSH is commonly administered by daily intramuscular or subcutaneous injections in in-vitro fertilization (IVF). To reduce the number of visits to the clinic, an intermittent vaginal injection of rhFSH every 3 days employing the concepts of mesotherapy and ute...

The nonsteroidal antiestrogen EM-800 is approximately 10-fold more potent than ICI 182 780, the most potent known steroidal antiestrogen, at inhibiting estrone-stimulated uterine weight in ovariectomized mice (half-maximal inhibitory daily s.c. doses of 0.2 and 2.0 microg, respectively). At maximal doses, however, both compounds lead to a similar maximal 90% inhibition of estrone-stimulated ute...

Introduction Vaginal cuff dehiscence (VCD) is a rare post-operative complication after hysterectomy in which the approximated edges of the vaginal cuff separate. Associated presentations range from simple separation with minimal bothersome symptoms to pain, infection, and surgical emergencies such as bowel evisceration. In this report we describe a rare and delayed presentation of VCD. Case A...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination. STUDY DESIGN Interventional, quasi experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit-II, Fatima Jinnah Medical College/Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from August, 2003 to October, 2004. METHODOLOGY Si...

Nanosilver particles are used in various clinical settings because of their antibacterial properties. However, their safety evaluation when used for gynaecological disorders has not been established. Nanosilver particles were administrated in the vagina of New Zealand rabbits, and the pathological appearance of the surrounding tissue was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission e...

Background The requirement for luteal phase support (LPS) in stimulated IVF cycles is well established, however drug choice, and route of administration and duration of use are not. This report evaluates patients' preference and satisfaction by using either vaginal or intramuscular (IM) progesterone (P) supplementation for luteal phase support after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (I...