During the development of malaria parasites within human erythrocytes, the fusion of digestive vesicles gives rise to a large digestive vacuole (DV). This organelle, which is maintained at low pH, processes 60-80 percent of the erythrocyte hemoglobin to provide a pool of amino acids that is crucial for parasite growth and development. During proteolysis, heme is released from hemoglobin as a t...

Vacuoles are membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cells, the digestive system of cells that break down substances absorbed outside cell and digest useless components itself. Researches on anti-cancer intractable diseases using vacuoles being actively conducted. The practical application this study to animals requires determination biocompatibility vacuole. In present study, we evaluated effects isol...

Flower opening is associated with the expansion of petal cells. To understand role played by soluble carbohydrates during cell growth, changes in carbohydrate concentrations limbs flower Phlox drummondii were investigated. The size adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells gradually increased opening. 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol (2-C-ME) was identified using 1H-NMR P. petals. 2-C-ME most abundant at five...

The vacuole is a unique plant organelle that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under various environmental stress conditions. However, the effects of biotic on structure has not been examined using three-dimensional (3D) visualization. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography to compare ultrastructural changes during infection with different viruses. models revealed v...

In the present short review, we analyze past experiments that addressed the interactions of intracellular pathogenic protozoa (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium) with host cells and the initial use of the term active penetration to indicate that a protozoan "crossed the host cell membrane, penetrating into the cytoplasm." However, the subsequent use of transmission electron m...

The intracellular distribution of the neurotoxin 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA) in mature leaves of the perennial legume Lathyrus sylvestris L. var ;Lathco' (flatpea) was determined using subcellular fractions from mesophyll protoplasts. Chloroplasts contained about 15% of the cellular DABA. At least 75% of the DABA was vacuolar, based on the assumptions that each protoplast contained a single ...

Cvt19 is specifically required for the transport of resident vacuolar hydrolases that utilize the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. Autophagy (Apg) and pexophagy, processes that use the majority of the same protein components as the Cvt pathway, do not require Cvt19. Cvt19GFP is localized to punctate structures on or near the vacuole surface. Cvt19 is a peripheral membrane protein t...

Streptococci that were phagocytized by human or mouse leukocytes were usually enclosed in a digestive vacuole. At times the vacuole emptied itself, discharging the cocci to the outside. Whether the egested streptococci then multiplied in the extracellular environment appeared to depend upon how long they had been in the vacuole. The phenomenon of egestion also involves particles other than bact...