TO THE EDITOR—In the 15 June 2012 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Witt et al reported that vaccine effectiveness (VE) of acellular pertussis vaccines was 41% for children aged 2–7 years, 24% for 8to 12-year-olds, and 79% for 13to 18-year-olds [1]. The authors conclude that their data “confirms markedly lower than expected protection afforded by the pre-school series of acellular pertussi...

The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the "gold standard" for detecting infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We compared the TST using purified protein derivative to the QuantiFERON-TB test (QFT). Two groups were examined. Group 1 individuals (n = 66) (low risk) were at low risk for exposure to M. tuberculosis and were not Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccinated. Group 2 (n = 29) include individua...

INTRODUCTION The Chief Medical Officer for England recommends that healthcare workers have a seasonal influenza vaccination in an attempt to protect both patients and NHS staff. Despite this, many healthcare workers do not have a seasonal influenza vaccination. Social network analysis is a well-established research approach that looks at individuals in the context of their social connections. W...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the impact of age and pneumococcal vaccination on the density of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. METHODS A cluster-randomized trial was conducted in rural Gambia. In 11 villages (the vaccine group), all residents received 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7), while in another 10 villages (the control group), only children <30 months old or born...

We studied the immune response of wild House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) experimentally challenged with different doses of inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. We evaluated within-individual cell-mediated and humoral responses in birds kept in outdoor aviaries, over a 6-wk period. Nonbreeding adult House Sparrows developed a significant humoral response to NDV experimental vaccin...

OBJECTIVE To compare cervical screening rates for women vaccinated with a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine with those for unvaccinated women, to address concerns that vaccinated women may not be participating in cervical screening. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of linked data from the Victorian Cervical Cytology Registry and the National HPV Vaccinat...

Sera from individuals vaccinated with a cholera toxoid were tested to determine if sera with significant titers of cholera antitoxin could neutralize Escherichia coli thermolabile enterotoxin. Individuals who responded to immunization with significant increases in serum cholera antitoxin titers also showed increases in serum E. coli enterotoxin-neutralizing capacity. These findings suggested th...

Background and Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis vaccination programs in chickens. Materials and Methods and Results: In the present study, 225 day-old broiler chicks divided into 5 groups. The groups were submitted to vaccinations, except for the non-vaccinated control group. The chickens in the groups 1 were kept as...

Epidemic progression depends on the structure of population. We study a two-group epidemic model with difference between groups determined by rate disease transmission. The basic reproduction number, maximal and total number infected individuals are characterized proportion groups. consider different vaccination strategies determine outcome campaign depending distribution vaccinated