In this chapter the fundamental aspects involved in biological treatment processes applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters are described. A comprehensive review of the literature is provided including kinetic, microbiological and biochemical aspects of nitrification, denitrification and anammox, as well as key operational parameters affecting the processes. This information is rele...

In this article, we propose an improved cryptanalysis of the double-branch hash function standard RIPEMD-160. Using a carefully designed non-linear path search tool, we study the potential differential paths that can be constructed from a difference in a single message word and show that some of these message words can lead to very good differential path candidates. Leveraging the recent freedo...

Leaks represent a very important hazard for the buildings and they can affect all sorts of building materials and specially wood due to its hygroscopic properties. Excessive moisture content can affect in a negative way building processes such as the installation of wooden floors or the use of wood as a structural material. Moisture meters can provide prompt and non-destructive determination of...

The combined SHARON-Anammox process is a promising technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater streams with high ammonium concentrations. It is typically applied to sludge digestion reject water, in order to relieve the activated sludge tanks, to which this stream is typically recycled. This contribution assesses the impact of the applied control strategy in the SHARON-reactor, both on the e...

the nanoparticles of ni–si mixed oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method using nickel nitrate; ni(no3)2 6h2o and tetraethylorthosilicate (teos). the products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and hydrogen temperature program reduction (h2-tpr). the results revealed that ni–si mixed oxides particles were obtained with average particle ...

This work indicates a numerical study on the laminar heat transfer mixed convection in a square cavity with two openings (an inlet and an outlet) on vertical walls through which nanofluid flows. Two flow directions are examined: i) ascending flow which enters the bottom opening and exits the upper opening; ii) descending flow which enters the upper opening and exits the bottom opening. The asce...

in this paper a new method is proposed for path planning of planar manipulators amid obstacles through mathematical programming in a way that the robot’s links avoid collision with obstacles throughout their motion from an initial to a goal configuration. after inputting the workspace geometry, the shortest feasible path for the robot’s end-effector is planned toward its goal position using gen...

Taking a kidney biopsy is not a trivial procedure. The sample is almost invariably smaller than the pathologist would like. Investigation usually requires division into even smaller samples to permit the application of specialist techniques. In some cases the biopsy is taken not for diagnosis, but to assess the extent of tissue damage. The clinical need is sometimes extremely urgent. These feat...