Acquisition of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection early in life has been confirmed by serologic studies. However, no evidence of clinical illness correlated with the primary infection has been found in immunocompetent children. We analyzed 458 nasopharyngeal aspirates from 422 patients hospitalized with 431 episodes of acute respiratory tract infection (RTI) by using a real-time PCR assay. In 68 ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the current evidence for the management of children with recent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Furthermore, the review includes management guidelines for children with URTIs. RECENT FINDINGS Good history and clinical examination is sufficient in most children presenting with URTI. Testing for immune markers or preoperative nitric oxide mea...

Gut microbiome manipulation to alter the gut-lung axis may potentially protect humans against respiratory infections, and clinical trials of probiotics show promise in this regard healthy adults children. However, comparable studies are lacking overweight/obese people, who have increased risks particular viral upper tract infections (URTI). This Addendum further analyses our recent placebo-cont...

Functional overreaching has been linked to alterations in immunity and host pathogen defense, but little is known as to whether or not running and cycling evoke different responses. This study compared inflammation, muscle damage and soreness, and innate immune function responses to a 3-day period of intensified exercise in trained long distance runners (N=13, age 34.4±2.4year) and cyclists (N=...

Dear Editor, The global spread of emerging infectious diseases can strain resources and result in healthcare staff absenteeism, as was the case during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Singapore in 2003.1,2 The recent emergence of a novel infl uenza A (H1N1-2009) pandemic3 has again reminded us of the potential impact of such infections on hospital operating capacity.4 Sy...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern antibiotics in URTI patients attending OPD and IPD HAHC Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital Jamia Hamdard, associated with HIMSR, New Delhi.
 account for millions visits family physicians each year. Although warranted some cases, are greatly overused. In present study, an overall antibiotic prescription rate adult 45.6% ...

Strenuous exercise, such as running a marathon, is known to suppress mucosal immunity for up to 24 hr, which can increase the risk of developing an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and reduced performance capacity (Allgrove JE, Geneen L, Latif S, Gleeson M. Influence of a fed or fasted state on the s-IgA response to prolonged cycling in active men and women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab...

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of duration of exclusive breastfeeding with infections in the upper respiratory (URTI), lower respiratory (LRTI), and gastrointestinal tracts (GI) in infancy. METHODS This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. Rates of breastfeeding during the first 6 months (ne...