Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, characterized by remarkable heterogeneity of clinical presentations. Glomerulonephritis (GN) remains leading cause morbidity and mortality in SLE, influencing long-term prognosis. The alteration both innate adaptive immune responses plays pivotal role SLE pathophysiology [1]. B lymphocytes are mainly involved throug...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an inflammatory caused by metabolic disorder. As important signaling pathway in the response, JNK plays crucial role injury DKD. Vitamin D3 can reduce reaction and delay or even reverse DKD progression. Unfortunately, mechanism which vitamin regulates pathogenesis unclear. This research established a rat model irbesartan were used as interventions. Th...

Abstract Background and Aims Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune, immune complex-mediated primary glomerulopathy causing podocyte injury nephrotic syndrome. The results of therapy may be suboptimal biomarkers are needed that predict the need for suppression response to different immunosuppression regimens. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) most common cause failure. It characterize...

BACKGROUND Incidence of urinary tract infections is elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Those patients show increased levels of the saturated free fatty acid palmitate. As recently shown metabolic alterations induced by palmitate include production and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukine-6 (IL-6) in cultured human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMC). Here we studied...

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a common commensal of the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa and a leading cause of serious infections in newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. GBS also causes infections of the urinary tract. However, little is known about host responses to GBS urinary tract infection (UTI) or GBS virulence factors that participate in UTI. Here we describe a ...

BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis between primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is sometimes difficult as nephrotic syndrome is the main clinical symptom in both diseases. OBJECTIVES This study has attempted to evaluate the urinary excretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines as potential biomarkers in distinguishing the two types of nephrotic syndrome, and ...

BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis (IC), more recently called painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a complex disease associated with chronic bladder inflammation that primarily affects women. Its symptoms include frequent urinary urgency accompanied by discomfort or pain in the bladder and lower abdomen. In the United States, eight million people, mostly women, have IC/PBS. New evidence that autoimm...

background: management of multiple sclerosis (ms) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of ms. objective: to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of th1/th2/th17 serum cytokines in patients with ms. methods: six patients with relapsing remitting ms as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...