OBJECTIVE To describe HIV prevalence in pregnant women and the rate of vertical transmission according to socioeconomic status of residential neighborhoods. METHODS Ecological exploratory study, which used the Information System of Notifiable Diseases database on HIV-positive pregnant women and AIDS in children, reported from 2000 to 2006, in Vitória, Southeastern Brazil. For analysis of soci...

Many rural communities have poor access to health services due to a combination of distance from specialist services and a relative shortage of general practitioners. Our aims were to compare the characteristics of urban and rural women with breast cancer in New Zealand, to assess breast cancer-specific and all-cause survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model, and...

The study attempted to identify the prevalence and distribution of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among urban and rural population in Gujarat, India. Using the WHO stepwise approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,805 urban and 1,684 rural people of 15-64 years age-group. Information on behavioural and physiological risk factors of non-communicable diseases was obtai...

BACKGROUND Information on the distribution of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its combinations by urban/rural areas in lower-middle income countries has been limited. It is not clear how the various combinations of MetS components varied by urban/rural population and if particular combinations of MetS are more common. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and combinations of MetS co...

background: dietary guidelines are considered as a useful tool for the promotion of healthy dietary behaviors. in iran, despite the development of the latest national food‑based dietary guidelines, in 2006, it has not been introduced at the community level yet. the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote iran’s food‑based dietary guidelines (ifbdgs...

In Iran, the last National Nutrition and Dietary Survey [1] showed that about 80% of Iranians do not meet the estimated average requirement for calcium. While foods are not generally fortified in Iran, dietary supplement may be a convenient way to prevent nutritional deficiency in high-risk population groups including the elderly [2, 3]. There is however, no data on supplement usage by older ad...

BACKGROUND Research has identified women in rural and remote areas as higher users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners than their urban counterparts. However, we currently know little about what influences women's CAM consumption across the urban/rural divide. This paper analyses 10,638 women's CAM use across urban and rural Australia. METHODS Data for this research ...