Given that the beneficial effects of driver training on accident risk may not be an appropriate criterion measure, this study investigates whether professionally trained and experienced drivers exhibit safer driving behaviour in a simulated driving task compared with drivers without professional driver training. A sample of 54 police trained drivers and a sample of 56 non-police trained drivers...

Cities are key for sustainability and the radical systemic changes required to enable equitable human development within planetary boundaries. Their particular role in this regard has become the subject of an emerging and highly interdisciplinary scientific debate. Drawing on a qualitative literature review, this paper identifies and scrutinizes the principal fields involved, asking for their r...

Literature on the measurement of urban sustainability shows that no single indicator framework is appropriate for all applications. Consequently practitioners must consider the intended goals of indicator use and carefully choose metrics to maximize their relevance and effectiveness. The study of urban energy systems demonstrates these issues, as energy use is integral to many dimensions of urb...

Meeting uncertain supply conditions with adequate demandside measures is becoming increasingly central to the day-to-day operations of energy utility companies, as variability is one of the main drivers of cost in operating the grid. In this paper we provide the first characterization of demand variability and the factors influencing it. We propose that heterogeneity in energy consumption is dr...

The rapid urbanisation and the increase of world population underline the need of a new approach in the urban design, based on the energy efficiency and the sustainability of the built environment. When focusing on City Energy Modelling, unlike Building Energy Modelling, each urban simulation engine generally has its own tailor-made data-model: municipalities and other urban information data ad...

Energy and water availability were identified as the first order controls of evapotranspiration(ET) in ecohyrodrology. With a ~1,000 km precipitation gradient and distinct wet-dry climate,the North Australian Tropical Transect (NATT) was well suited for evaluating how energy andwater availabilities constrain water use by vegetation, but has not been done yet. In this study,we addressed this que...

Background: In urban environment, exposure to the emission of motor vehicles is common. In urban peoples it is a very difficult task to distinguish among peoples with different grades of momentous period exposure to such pollutants. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of diesel exhaust, gasoline emission, Particulate Matter (PM) noise and heat on the reproductive...

Large amounts of energy drinks and caffeine, which is the main ingredient of energy drinks, produce a negative effect on the drivers, and therefore affect traffic safety. In order to determine the attitudes of drivers toward the impact of energy drinks and caffeine, a research was conducted using a questionnaire form and the targeted group of the survey were drivers. The research was conducted ...

In recent years energy efficiency in different levels become of prime importance. Studies have been shown that urban planning can play a critical role in this area. At the same time in oil-producing countries like Iran, energy efficiency has not been considered as a national priority. However, in recent years with increase in the population growth, rapid urbanization and acceleration of environ...