The present article describes the conversion of the Catalan and Spanish AnCora treebanks to the Universal Dependencies formalism. We describe the conversion process and assess the quality of the resulting treebank in terms of parsing accuracy by means of monolingual, cross-lingual and cross-domain parsing evaluation. The converted treebanks show an internal consistency comparable to the one sho...

This article examines the causes of urban earthquake vulnerability in Gujarat, based on the case study of Ahmedabad city which was affected in the 2001, Gujarat earthquake. This paper argues that the non-compliance of regulations which causes urban vulnerability cannot be corrected merely by additional regulations or increased enforcement. An enabling environment of compliance of regulations ca...

Social media data are increasingly used as the source of research in a variety of domains. A typical example is urban analytics, which aims at solving urban problems by analyzing data from different sources including social media. The potential value of social media data in tourism studies, which is one of the key topics in urban research, however has been much less investigated. This paper see...

This paper discusses the use of Universal Dependency for annotations of a Native North American language Arapaho (Algonquian). While some relations of the universal dependency perfectly correspond with those in Arapaho, language specific annotations of verbal arguments elucidate problems of assuming certain syntactic categories across languages. By critiquing the influence of grammatical struct...

In recent years, the creation of block-structured dictionary has attracted a lot of interest. Learning such dictionaries involve two step process: block formation and dictionary update. Both these steps are important in producing an effective dictionary. The existing works mostly assume that the block structure is known a priori while learning the dictionary. For finding the unknown block struc...

Global cities, the command and control centres of the integrated world economy, are facing a sustainability paradox of greater global competition and greater environmental pressure. This study explores the policy approaches to the sustainability paradox by integrating environmental sustainability and economic competitiveness into the development strategy for “the global city”, based on a case s...

The Universal Dependencies (UD) Project seeks to build a cross-lingual studies of treebanks, linguistic structures and parsing. Its goal is to create a set of multilingual harmonized treebanks that are designed according to a universal annotation scheme. In this paper, we report on the conversion of the Uyghur dependency treebank to a UD version of the treebank which we term the Uyghur Universa...

I n the cities of the developing world, the urban poor often inhabit marginal land that has less commercial value but is the only available land where they can afford to live. This includes land that is poorly drained and floods frequently, or on steep hillsides that are prone to landslides. The benefits of living nearer sources of employment and urban services usually outweigh the disadvantage...