Asymptotic laws of records values have usually been investigated as limits in type. In this paper, we use functional representations the tail cumulative distribution functions extreme value domain attraction to directly establish asymptotic value, not necessarily type and their rates convergences. Results beyond are provided. Explicit concerning very usual related convergence listed well. Some ...

The Frasnian–Famennian biotic crisis (~372 Ma) was one of the “big five” mass extinction events in Phanerozoic. This event associated with dramatic climatic and oceanographic perturbations, including oceanic anoxia, global cooling, sea-level fluctuations. Large-scale volcanic activity is several possible triggers that have been suggested as ultimate cause this crisis, based on Hg enrichment dat...

• First 182 W data on continental intraplate volcanic rocks. No anomalies in shallow mantle plumes. tungsten isotope the proto-Iceland plume. indicates heterogenous source composition for La Réunion. Several studies have revealed small heterogeneities relative abundance of W, radiogenic nuclide short-lived Hf (t 1/2 = ∼9 Ma), terrestrial Whereas majority Archean rocks display excesses to bulk s...

Soft tissue preservation is reported from Upper Devonian deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland, for the first time. The preserved soft tissues are muscles associated with arthropod cuticle fragments. The muscles are phosphatized with variable states of preservation. Well-preserved specimens display the typical banding of striated muscles. Other muscle fragments are highly degrade...

Co-dependent geological and climatic changes obscure how species interact in deep time. The interplay between these environmental factors makes it hard to discern whether ecological competition exerts an upper limit on species richness. Here, using the exceptional fossil record of Cenozoic Era macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, we assess the evidence for alternative modes of macroevolution...