For the past few years, the passive versus active debate has been characterized as a pitched battle between two sides. Upon closer inspection, however, some might recognize that this ongoing argument is far more nuanced than it appears at fi rst blush and actually involves multiple sides with somewhat vague allegiances. Among actively managed funds, for instance, two distinct camps have emerged...

Several previously unknown models of the Enigma machine have recently been discovered through archive research and inspection of machines in museum collections. The present knowledge about these machines, including both use and technical details, is presented. The paper shows that the Enigma was not one machine, but rather a family of machines built upon the principle of wired rotors with a fix...

Despite dramatic changes in software development in the two decades since the term software engineering was coined, software quality deficiencies and cost overruns continue to afflict the software industry. Inspections, developed at IBM by Fagan in the early 1970s [1], can be used to improve upon these problems because they allow the detection and removal of defects after each phase of the soft...