Several experimental datasets available on the gasification of different lignocellulosic feedstocks were used to correlate flow gasifying agents with performance updraft in an autothermic 200 kWth pilot plant. The included eucalyptus wood chips, torrefied and spruce lignin rich residues from biorefined straw reed, shells almond hazelnut, which gasified flows air, air steam, oxygen, oxygen steam...

A 3D mesoscale model is used to study the structure and intensity of stratospheric gravity waves generated by tropical convection. Two prototypical cases are examined: a squall line observed during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) over the Pacific warm pool and a West African squall line observed during the Convection Profonde Tropic...

Data from the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Integrated Project I (IP1) network of polarimetric X-band radars are used to observe a convective storm. A fuzzy logic hydrometeor identification algorithm is employed to study microphysical processes. Dual-Doppler techniques are used to analyze the 3D wind field. The scanning strategy, sensitivity, and low-level scanning foc...

Responses of shallow cumuli to large-scale temperature/moisture perturbations are examined through diagnostics of large-eddy simulations (LESs) of the undisturbed Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) case and a stochastic parcel model. The perturbations are added instantaneously and allowed to evolve freely afterward. The parcel model reproduces most of the changes in th...

Doppler radar, airborne, and sounding data are used to describe the structure of an exceptionally vigorous narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR). A combined thermodynamic and cloud microphysical retrieval technique is used to derive the pressure perturbations and buoyancy in balance with the flow field in the vicinity of the NCFR. The NCFR was triggered by a well-defined cold front that penetrate...

BACKGROUND Arformoterol, the (R,R) isomer of formoterol, is approved as an inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multiple nebulizer systems are commercially available. Different nebulizers can differ significantly in drug output, which may impact drug delivery and clinical efficacy. This study compared the aerosol pr...

Lightning simulation is important for a variety of applications, including lightning forecast, atmospheric chemical simulation, and data assimilation. In this study, the potential five storm parameters (graupel volume, precipitation ice mass, radar echo maximum updraft, updraft volume) to be used as proxy diagnosis gridded total flash rates has been investigated in convection-allowing model. A ...