Abstract Background: Distal Radial fracture is one of the most common fractures of the skeletal system. Although it has been believed to be a simple fracture with excellent outcomes, practical operations’ results have always been undesirable and even poor. The goal of this study was to compare two methods of treatment “pin and plaster and precautious pin fixation in patients with unstable extr...

The structural reliability of many brittle materials such as structural ceramics relies on the occurrence of intergranular, as opposed to transgranular, fracture in order to induce toughening by grain bridging. For a constant grain boundary strength and grain boundary toughness, the current work examines the role of grain strength, grain toughness, and grain angle in promoting intergranular fra...