Fresh water resources are under tremendous stress throughout the globe. Many areas all along the developing or even developed nations indicated, the fresh waters are greatly contaminated by the discharge of untreated sewage/industrial effluents and even variety of toxins entering naturally. Environmental regulations and public health concerns stated that wastewaters collected from municipalitie...

Our group previously demonstrated that changes in mood induced by pleasant or unpleasant odors affect the perceived unpleasantness of painful heat stimuli, without significantly altering perceived pain intensity. In the present study, we examined whether changing mood by viewing emotionally laden visual stimuli also preferentially alters pain unpleasantness. Twelve female subjects immersed thei...

Sniffing, which is the active sampling of olfactory information through the nasal cavity, is part of the olfactory percept. It is influenced by stimulus properties, affects how an odor is perceived, and is sufficient (without an odor being present) to activate the olfactory cortex. However, many aspects of the affective correlates of sniffing behavior remain unclear, in particular the modulatio...

23 In colonies of eusocial Hymenoptera cooperation is organized through social odors, and 24 particularly ants rely on a sophisticated odor communication system. Neuronal information 25 about odors is represented in spatial activity-patterns in the primary olfactory neuropile of the 26 insect brain, the antennal lobe (AL), which is analog to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. The 27 olfactory syste...

In colonies of eusocial Hymenoptera cooperation is organized through social odors, and particularly ants rely on a sophisticated odor communication system. Neuronal information about odors is represented in spatial activity patterns in the primary olfactory neuropile of the insect brain, the antennal lobe (AL), which is analog to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. The olfactory system is characteri...

It is commonly believed that, since unanimity rule safeguards the rights of each individual, it protects minorities from the possibility of expropriation, thus yielding more equitable outcomes than majority rule. We show that this is not necessarily the case in bargaining environments. We study a multilateral bargaining model à la Baron and Ferejohn (1989), where players are heterogeneous with ...

The question mark in the title indicates that what follows is not a theory explaining odor memory, but a series of findings that question the traditional view of memory, in which acquisition and retrieval of ‘memory items’ dominate all questions asked. That such questions arise in an area that deals with odors is not surprising. Odors are the least palpable and most evanescent of stimuli. Odors...