there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

in fact this study is concerned with the relationship between the variation in thematice structure and the comprehension of spoken language. so the study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any relationship between thematic structure and the comprehension of spoken language? 2. which of the themes would have greated thematic force and be easier for the subjects to comprehend? accord...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

Frequency of oral mucosal pigmentation among patients referred to the faculty of dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Dr. M. Rabiei* - Dr. R. Nasrin***-Assistant Professor of Oral Diseases and Diagnosis Dept. – Faculty of Dentistry – Guilan University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: Frequency of pigmentation is different among various ethnic groups. The aim of ...

این رساله تحلیلی از روش پرونا-ملک و چگونگی متحول شدن داده های اولیه هموار در حالت یک بعدی با مقیاس یک پرامتر طبیعی موجود در طرح است، که شامل حل یک دستگاه معادلات حرارت جفت شده به یکدیگر،در امتداد شرایط مرزی غیر خطی است که برگرفته از مقاله زیر است : s.selim esedoglu."an analysis of the perona-malik schem" university of minnesots.2001. با روشی مناسب با توجه به اندازه شبکه یک حد زنجیره ای معنی ...