The spatial overlap of multiple ecological disturbances in close succession has the capacity to alter trajectories ecosystem recovery. Widespread bark beetle outbreaks and wildfire have affected many forests western North America past two decades areas important habitat for native ungulates. Bark prior fire may deplete seed supply host species, differences fire-related regeneration strategies a...

Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in south central Spain, where evidence suggests transmission to domestic cattle. Known risk factors for TB at the interface between livestock and wild ungulate species include density and spatial overlap, particularly around waterholes during summer. We evaluated the effectiveness of selective exclusio...

BACKGROUND The effect of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial wildlife is a relatively new area of study with broad ranging management implications. Noise has been identified as a disturbance that has the potential to induce behavioral responses in animals similar to those associated with predation risk. This study investigated potential impacts of a variety of human activities and their associat...

Cottonwoods (Populus spp.) represent an important tree component of riparian plant communities within the winter range of the northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) herd, yet young cottonwoods are highly palatable to ungulates. To assess potential herbivory impacts associated with wild ungulates following the removal of gray wolves (Canis lupus), long-term cottonwood recruitment and stand dy...

Horses, like other ungulates, are active in the day, at dusk, dawn, and night; and, they have eyes designed to have both high sensitivity for vision in dim light and good visual acuity under higher light levels (Walls, 1942). Typically, daytime activity is associated with the presence of multiple cone classes and color-vision capacity (Jacobs, 1993). Previous studies in other ungulates, such as...