Sir,?In 1932, Covell conducted a malaria survey in Calcutta, and discussed the epidemiology of the disease in this city. He reached the following important conclusions :? (?') The amount of endemic malaria in the city was, at that, time, slight. (ii) Transmission of the disease definitely occurs, probably originating chiefly from imported cases, leading to localized outbreaks in various parts o...

Though there are undoubtedly multiple functions for glutathione yet to be appreciated we do know that glutathione is: • a co-factor for the glutathione peroxidases, which are crucial selenium-containing antioxidant enzymes. • a co-factor for glutathione S-transferases, enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, including carcinogens. • involved in the regeneration of ascor...

This paper discusses neural machine translation (NMT), a new paradigm in the MT field, comparing the quality of NMT systems with statistical MT by describing three studies using automatic and human evaluation methods. Automatic evaluation results presented for NMT are very promising, however human evaluations show mixed results. We report increases in fluency but inconsistent results for adequa...

Speech Synthesis is undoubtedly a technological challenge with many potential applications in human-machine communication. More basically, it is a crossroads where researchers with many different backgrounds collaborate to put together their knowledge in computational linguistics, phonetics, prosody, physiology, vocal tract modeling, signal processing, image synthesis, experimental psychology, ...

Violence and aggression among patients suffering from mental health problems undoubtedly pose a challenge to healthcare professionals, families and carers. Aggressive behaviours affect all aspects of clinical care. The goal of professionals is to ensure safety while effectively managing behavioural emergencies. 'Rapid tranquillisation' implies prescribing pharmacological agents to manage these ...

Viruses are being redefined as more than just pathogens. They are also critical symbiotic partners in the health of their hosts. In some cases, viruses have fused with their hosts in symbiogenetic relationships. Mutualistic interactions are found in plant, insect, and mammalian viruses, as well as with eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes, and some interactions involve multiple players of the ho...

A national oral health pathfinder survey has been conducted by our research team in Turkey, in collaboration with the WHO European Region. Some of the data obtained by this survey were for CPITN values for age groups above 10 years, and can be summarized as follows: formula: (see text) These findings demonstrate that preventive periodontal therapy and community-based prophylaxis methods, will u...

The effects of fouling have only recently been subject to systematic scientific inquiry. Its seriousness, however, has been recognized from very ancient times. Although written records of the treatment of ship bottoms as early as the 5th century B. C.have been found, the search for an antifouling surfacè undoubtedly began with even earlier ships about which we have little information. Historica...

Group communication will undoubtedly be a useful paradigm for many applications of wireless networking in which reliability and timeliness are requirements. Moreover, location-awareness is clearly central to mobile applications such as traffic management and smart spaces. In this paper, we introduce our definition of proximity groups in which group membership depends on location and then discus...

While playing against Deep Blue, Kasparov reported feeling an ’alien intelligence’ across the board: something that was undoubtedly thinking, but not in the way that any human thinker would. Kasparov feels he is defending the honor of the human race. If cloning a single sheep can put the leaders of the Western world into such a tizzy, one wonders how will they react to the prospect of inhuman m...