Introduction: Optimization of waste collection systems can reduce waste management costs. In this study, optimization of the waste collection system of district 3 of Yazd municipality of Iran has been investigated using underground containers. Materials and Methods: In this research, after collecting information and performing field inspections, the statistical and raster information obtained ...

It is of great importance to consider long-term stability of rock mass around the openings of underground structure, during design, construction and operation of the said structures in rock. In this context, three methods namely, empirical, analytical and numerical have been applied to design and analyze the stability of underground infrastructure at the Siah Bisheh Pumping Storage Hydro-Electr...

Abstract Pyhäsalmi, in the Town of Pyhäjärvi, hosts one northernmost deep underground laboratories Europe, Callio Lab. Its origins are physics (Centre for Underground Physics CUPP), but gradually it has turned into a multi- and transdisciplinary research environment utilising both surface underground. Besides research, infrastructure is open business innovation under – Mine Business. The pre-in...

Underwater compressed air energy storage (UWCAES) is founded on mature concepts, many of them sourced from underground compressed air energy storage technology. A fundamental difference between the two systems is the way in which air is stored. UWCAES utilizes distensible boundary, submerged air accumulators as opposed to rigid walled caverns. This paper presents an analysis of the primary desi...

Geologic Carbon Sequestration becomes an essential instrument which has been aimed for mitigation of global warming. More understanding of storage processes and assessing environmental, safety, and health impacts in the event of a leak to the atmosphere are certainly important. Therefore, monitoring is one of the answers enabling technologies for CO2 storage. It is expected to support multiple ...

This paper examines whether risk-based pricing promotes risk-reducing effort. Such mechanisms are common in private insurance markets, but are rarely incorporated in government assurance programs. We analyze accidental underground fuel tank leaks—a source of environmental damage to water supplies—over a fourteen-year period, using disaggregate (facility-level) data and policy variation in finan...

Private risk reduction will be socially efficient only when firms are liable for all the damage that they cause. We find that environmental insurance can achieve social efficiency even when two traditional policy instruments--ex post fines and risk management mandates with ex ante fines--do not. Inefficiency occurs with ex post fines, when small firms declare bankruptcy and escape their liabili...

The effective production of high-quality anthracite has attracted increasing global attention. Based on the coal occurrence in Yongxia Mining Area and mining conditions of a coalface in Xinqiao Coal Mine, we proposed a systematic study on the technical support for the production of high-quality anthracite. Six key steps were explored, including coal falling at the coalface, transport, undergrou...