BACKGROUND: The control of coccidiosis in poultry industryis dominated by prophylactic chemotherapy; however,drug resistance is a serious problem. Alternative control methodssuch as vaccination have been accepted as a practical method forcontrolling coccidiosis in chickens. Considering the immunologicalvariation of Eimeria strains, the efficacy of live coccidiosisvaccines may be compromised. OB...

Although vaccination of poultry for control of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been practiced during the last decade in several countries, its effectiveness under field conditions remains largely unquantified. Effective HPAI vaccination is however essential in preventing incursions, silent infections and generation of new H5N1 antigenic variants. The objective of this s...

S.typhimurium is a gram negative bacterium causing serious enteric or extraintestinal infections in human, cattle and birds. These kinds of infections may lead to some permanent or nonpermanent complications like endophthalmitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and osteomyelitis . Multi-resistant strains of S.typhimurium have been reported from several countries, and these infections are a major public...

the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two conventional h9n2 avian influenza (ai) vaccines on replication and shedding of the h9n2 ai virus in broiler chickens. these inactivated oil emulsion vaccines contain either a uae or an iranian h9n2 ai isolate. one hundred and fifty one-day-old commercial broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups. the birds, except for the...

Histophilosis, a mucosal and septicemic infection of cattle is caused by the Gram negative pathogen Histophilus somni (H. somni). As existing vaccines against H. somni infection have shown to be of limited efficacy, we used a reverse vaccinology approach to identify new vaccine candidates. Three groups (B, C, D) of cattle were immunized with subunit vaccines and a control group (group A) was va...

objective(s):this study was designed to investigate the effect of phaleria macrocarpa aqueous extract (pm) on spermatogenesis by observing the histological changes of testes in adult male rats. materials and methods: pm was prepared by boiling the dried slices of p. macrocarpa fruits followed by filtering, centrifugation and freeze-drying to obtain the powder form. eighteen sprague dawley adult...

Background Respiratory diseases impair the health and welfare of growing pigs and impacts farmers' gains worldwide. Their control through a preventative medical approach has to be tailored according to the pathogens identified at farm level. In the Netherlands, several studies have emphasized the prominent role of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Porcine Circovirus type 2 and Porcine Reproductive and ...

mastitis is a one of the major diseases of dairy animals. staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism associated with this dairy scourge. cure rates of mastitis associated with this pathogen are appallingly low. biofilm is an important virulence factor and immunogenic structure of s. aureus that makes it resistant to phagocytosis and antibiotics. reports on the efficacy of vaccine pr...

We conducted this study to determine the level of immunity after vaccination of lambs with whole bodyEchinococcus granulosus. To do so, 200 mature E. granulosus parasites, which were kept in 10% formalinefor 8 months, were obtained from the Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, FerdowsiUniversity of Mashhad. The soluble protein of the parasite was prepared. The sample was h...