The generally adopted value for the solar abundance of indium is over six times higher than the meteoritic value. We address this discrepancy through numerical synthesis of the 451.13 nm line on which all indium abundance studies are based, both for the quiet-sun and the sunspot umbra spectrum, employing standard atmosphere models and accounting for hyperfine structure and Zeeman splitting in d...

This research is based on the surveys conducted from 2015─2018 resulting in identification of 37 species 25 genera noctuid moths. From surveys, three new records including one unusual namely, Conservula indica (Moore, 1867) are reported present study. A total eight this family as endemic. Two species—C. and Pyrrhia umbra—are first time Western Ghats part Maharashtra. In communication, notes hos...

Dual-frequency GPS TEC monitors have been used to study the response of the ionosphere to the solar eclipses of 22 July 2009 and 15 January 2010. The receivers were located at three stations, Calcutta, Kharagpur and Baharampore which are situated outside the umbra zone in the Indian longitude sector with each baseline being ∼200 km. Effects of obscuration of the solar disc were noted in the amb...

In this paper, we propose an extension of connected filters into the fuzzy set framework. We introduce a modeling of imprecision via the introduction of the fuzzy umbra image concept which allows us to express fuzzy connected operators for fuzzy gray scale images. Using this new tool, a set of filters families is proposed and their properties are discussed. The expression of classical filters i...

Typical illumination functions contain boundaries that are discontinuous in intensity or derivative. These discontinuities arise from contact between surfaces, and from the penumbra and umbra boundaries of shadows cast by area light sources. In this paper, we present an algorithm that allows for smooth (C) reconstruction of intensity everywhere across a surface except along selected edges of in...

  The traveling salesman problem is a well-known and important combinatorial optimization problem. The goal of this problem is to find the shortest Hamiltonian path that visits each city in a given list exactly once and then returns to the starting city. In this paper, for the first time, the shortest Hamiltonian path is achieved for 1071 Iranian cities. For solving this large-scale problem, tw...

In the last years, the theory of numerical methods for system of non-stiff and stiff ordinary differential equations has reached a certain maturity. So, there are many excellent codes which are based on Runge–Kutta methods, linear multistep methods, Obreshkov methods, hybrid methods or general linear methods. Although these methods have good accuracy and desirable stability properties such as A...

Throughout their history humans “tamed” not only the Danube River basin land, but also river and its associated wetlands, drastically influencing characteristic habitats, associations, communities, species. One of these flagship endemic fish species in this respect is European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792), influenced by Basin geography, history, politics, ecology. A study about commu...