In this paper, in addition to some elementary facts about the ultra-groups, which their structure based on the properties of the transversal of a subgroup of a group, we focus on the relation between a group and an ultra-group. It is verified that every group is an ultra-group, but the converse is not true generally. We present the conditions under which, for every normal subultra-group of an u...

The philosophy behind game-theoretical modelling of conflict situations between “man” , attempting to describe the world, and “nature” trying, so it seems, to conceal the “truth” is discussed. An analysis of instances of such games related to the Maximum Entropy Principle is discussed. The possibility of entropy loss, a phenomenon related to distributions with ultra heavy tails is discussed. MS...

High-current avalanche switching in a bipolar transistor structure in combination with negative differential mobility at extreme (~1 MV/cm) electric fields (e.g. in GaAs) causes generation of ultra-narrow, powerfully avalanching (“collapsing”) multiple field domains moving in a dense electron-hole plasma, which those domains form. Electrical switching with unique speed and high-power-density em...

It is claimed that ultra-relativistic, magnetized, electron-ion shocks are, for most magnetic geometries, poor accelerators of non-thermal particles. The phenomenon of “missing” early X-ray afterglow observed in many of the Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow data may simply be due to this fact. Rapid time variability of the X-ray emission could be produced by fluctuations in the orientation ...

Experimental data shows anomalously large Ultra Cold Neutrons (UCN) reflection losses and that the process of UCN reflection is not completely coherent. UCN anomalous losses under reflection cannot be explained in the context of neutron optics calculations. UCN losses by means of incoherent scattering on material defects are considered and crosssection values calculated. The UCN capture cross-s...

All biological samples emit ultra-low intensity light without any external stimulation. Recently, scientific communities have paid particular attention to this phenomenon, known as ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). UPE has been introduced in the literature as an alternative for biophoton, low-level chemiluminescence and ultra-weak bioluminescence, while it differs from ordinary bioluminescence,...