Recent studies have suggested that species-specific pit properties such as pit membrane thickness, pit membrane porosity, torus-to-aperture diameter ratio and pit chamber depth influence xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Despite the indisputable importance of using mean pit characteristics, considerable variability in pit structure within a single species or even within a single pit field shou...

The work is devoted to research the impact of a new building at full load after completion its construction has been investigated through an assessment interaction with envelope, ground mass base and foundation existing five-story building, in comparison deep excavation process engineering preparation for this construction, based on developed methodology studying objects nearby buildings comple...

*Correspondence: Ryan A. York, Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA e-mail: [email protected]; J. Todd Streelman, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA e-mail: todd.streelman@ biology.gatech.edu Despite considerable research, we still know little about th...

We use electromagnetic simulations to carry out a systematic study of broadband absorption in vertically-aligned semiconductor nanowire arrays for photovoltaic applications. We study six semiconductor materials that are commonly used for solar cells. We optimize the structural parameters of each nanowire array to maximize the ultimate efficiency. We plot the maximal ultimate efficiency as a fun...

Pavlovian conditioned stimuli can influence instrumental responding, an effect called Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT). During the last decade, PIT has been subdivided into two types: specific PIT and general PIT, each having its own neural substrates. Specific PIT happens when a conditioned stimulus (CS) associated with a reward enhances an instrumental response directed to the same rewar...

The derivation is given of the combined bi-axial bending, compression and shear strength of timber beams. As for other materials the elastic–full plastic limit design approach applies, which is known to precisely explain and predict uniaxial bending strength behaviour. The derivation is based on choosing the location of the neutral line. This provides the stress distribution in the beam cross s...

This study was conducted to examine the structural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with local steel bars available in Ghana. The prepared from conventional materials ordinary Portland-limestone cement, pit sand and granitic stones. Steel sizes 12mm, 10mm, 8mm different millers used reinforce were tested stress-strain relationship bars. main reinforcing comprised 12mm high tensile mild pro...

Sungun Copper Mine is located in an area with a high level of seismic hazard. Most recently, the Ahar-Varzeqan earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 on Richter scale occurred on August 11, 2012; at a distance about 40 kilometers away from the mine. Nevertheless, the seismic stability of the final pit wall has not been comprehensively reviewed. In this research, the southwestern wall of the final p...

The mammalian pit-1 gene encodes a 33 kd transcription factor (1,2) expressed in a subset of endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary (3). Pit-1 is structurally related to the POU family of transcriptional regulators (4), containing a characteristic POU domain divided into two regions, the POU-specific and homeo subdomains. Located in the C-terminal half of the protein, the POU domain is criti...