The investigation of OER initiatives requires rigorous appraisal based on theory as well as descriptions based on practice if we are to understand them and how they might be sustained. A robust typology or flexible classification scheme will enable better comparison of common elements over widely different OER initiatives and help inform and improve praxis at all levels and across all socio-eco...

This article is an update and extension of an earlier publication (SCHERNEWSKI & WIELGAT 2004). Intensive public discussions suggested slight modifications in the typology as well as an updating and completion of comparisons between our typology and the national typologies. We further show examples how the water body concept can be applied to subdivide coastal water types as a response to exter...

of the new economics foundation Financing climate change mitigation and adaptation in developing countries ASSESSING ALTERNATIVES THE About the author Dr Stephen Spratt is Research and Programmes Director at the new economics foundation (nef). Prior to joining nef Stephen lectured in international finance and development at the University of Reading and was Head of Research at Intelligence Capi...

This paper discusses a number of ways of classifying inter-agent conflict, and offer an overview of the informal dialogue typology proposed by Walton and Krabbe [13]. A formalisation of this typology is summarised, and the account is shown to facilitate a coherent approach to the various classes of conflict.

BACKGROUND Developmental stuttering is a pathology which begins during childhood. during the phase of language acquisition and development and is characterized as being chronic. AIM To verify the influence of typology and grammatical classes on the occurrence of speech disruptions of stuttering and fluent children. METHOD Participants of this study were 80 children, with ages between 4.0 an...

The paper reviews some recent numerical applications for the interpretation and exploitation of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring results obtained from historical masonry structures and materials. Among possible numerical techniques, the finite element method and the distinct method are considered. The analyzed numerical models cover the entire scale range, from microstructure and meso-structur...

Intertextuality is a prominent feature of academic writing, and the ability to use sources effectively and appropriately is an essential skill which novice writers must acquire. It is also a complex skill, and student performance is not always successful. It is presumably beneficial for students to receive consistent messages about what source use is and is not appropriate, but some evidence su...

The grammars of any OT typology can be derived from a single tableau in which each row, when asserted as optimal, delivers the grammar of a language in the typology. In the single-tableau representation, each candidate represents an entire language. When, as is typically the case, a typology is constructed from more than one candidate set, a single tableau representation may be built from the M...