The objectives of this study were to compare innate immune responses of calves weaned early (EW; n=23; weaned at 23.7 ± 2.3 d of age) with those of conventionally weaned calves (CW; n=22; weaned at 44.7 ± 2.3 d of age). All calves were fed 3.8L of colostrum within 12h of birth and were subsequently fed milk replacer twice daily. The weaning process began by withdrawal of the afternoon milk-repl...

Potential variables for the reproductive success of beef cows were evaluated. Included in model age cow at calving; interval between Julian calving date and end breeding season; body weight conditions calving, 75 days post-partum mean daily variation these dates. Logistic regression was used analysis, with parameters evaluated using odds ratio statistic, estimating chance pregnancy. The rate pr...


 Pre-weaned beef and dairy calves that fail to receive mater­nal antibodies are more susceptible disease. A systematic review meta-analysis were performed evaluate the as­sociation between failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) disease in pre-weaned calves. Three data­bases searched for relevant studies evaluated diagnosed with FTPI at ≤8 days age recorded incidence pre-weaning. Twent...

The objectives of this study were to assess efficacy and welfare implications of gas euthanasia when applied to weaned and neonate pigs. Parameters associated with welfare, which were measured before loss of consciousness, included open-mouth breathing, ataxia, righting response, and escape attempts. Two age groups (weaned and neonate) were assessed in 9 gas treatments arranged in a 2 × 4 facto...

The objectives of this study were to assess efficacy and welfare implications of gas euthanasia when applied to weaned and neonate pigs. Parameters associated with welfare, which were measured before loss of consciousness, included open-mouth breathing, ataxia, righting response, and escape attempts. Two age groups (weaned and neonate) were assessed in 9 gas treatments arranged in a 2 × 4 facto...

in this research thirty specimens of duodenum of lori-bakhtiari sheep from abattoir were collected. the specimens were selected from male healthy sheep and aged 1 years. after collecting them and determining of three parts of duodenum (cranial, descending and ascending parts), the lengths of them were measured. for histological studies, each part of duodenum divided to two centimeter pieces and...

Transportation at weaning is a complex stressor made up of many factors, including withdrawal from feed and water, which can potentially negatively affect the health and welfare of pigs, especially those already experiencing weaning stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weaning and extended transport durations (up to 32 h), with and without the provision of feed and/...

Female mink pups were weaned at 6, 8 or 10 weeks of age and subjected to two different housing conditions. They were either kept together with a single male sibling in traditional mink cages (30x45x90 cm) or housed socially with all litter-mates in an alternative system consisting of three adjoining traditional cages (90x45x90 cm). All cages were supplied with nest boxes. At 5 months of age, th...

A 3-yr study used 16 cows and their spring-born calves (yr 1) and 48 first-calf heifers (yr 2, n = 24; yr 3, n = 24) and their spring-born calves in a completely randomized design. All cows and heifers were Angus x Beefmaster, and calves were sired by Angus bulls. Cow-calf pairs were assigned randomly to one of two management systems: 1) an early-weaning system, in which steer and heifer calves...

BACKGROUND Features of life history are subject to environmental regulation in the service of reproductive fitness goals. We have previously shown that the infant-to-childhood transition reflects the adaptive adjustment of an individual's size to the prevailing and anticipated environment. METHODS To evaluate effects of weaning age on life-history traits in rats, we repeatedly measured length...