As a non-parametric method of relative efficient measurement of a group of decision-making units (〖DMU〗_s), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the most important tools in efficiency computation. One of the main concerns dealt with in DEA is dealing with return to scale in two-stage processes in which, produced outputs of the first stage inputs are used as inputs for the second stage. The...

Two-stage chemical deposition (TSCD) technique is used to produce ZnO, Mn2O3 and NiO films on soda-lime glass (SL-G) from an aqueous solution of zinc, manganese and nickel complex, respectively. The TSCD method enables the deposition of metal oxide thin films with a thickness which can be controlled during the preparation procedure. The ZnO, Mn2O3 and NiO thin films were polycrystalline films w...