In this article we give a very brief outline of one way of carrying out the spectral analysis of a boundary value problem with specified singularities and investigating the corresponding inverse problem. We find out the solutions of equation satisfying the boundary condition 0 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( = − ′ y a y λ where q is a real valued function, λ is a spectral parameter and a is a natural number. As th...

The algebra of conserved observables of the SO(4, 1) gauge-invariant theory of the Dirac fermions in the external field of the KaluzaKlein monopole is investigated. It is shown that the Dirac conserved operators have physical parts associated with Pauli operators that are also conserved in the sense of the Klein-Gordon theory. In this way one gets simpler methods of analyzing the properties of ...

In the real world, one usually cannot gather enough evidence to completely determine the activity of a system. Typically, different pieces of evidence tell you about different aspects of the system with different certainties. Correlating these at a given point of time is a much studied problem. The problem becomes even less tractable when the evidence is acquired at different points in time. Th...

This paper estimates the implied cost of equity for Canadian and U.S. firms using a methodology based on the dividend discount model and utilizing firms’ current stock price and analysts’ forecasted earnings. We find that firm size and firm stock liquidity are negatively related to cost of equity, while greater firm financial leverage and greater dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts are a...

A succinct presentation of the algebraic structure of the quantized Klein-Gordon field can be given in terms of a Lorentz invariant inner product. A presentation of a classical Klein-Gordon random field at non-zero temperature can be given in the same noncommutative algebraic style, allowing a detailed comparison of the quantized Klein-Gordon field with a classical Klein-Gordon random field.

We find that the fundamental quadratic form of classical string propagation in 2 + 1 dimensional constant curvature spacetimes solves the Sinh-Gordon equation, the Cosh-Gordon equation or the Liouville equation. We show that in both de Sitter and anti de Sitter spacetimes (as well as in the 2 + 1 black hole anti de Sitter spacetime), all three equations must be included to cover the generic str...

————————————————————————————————————– The linear stability of the solitary waves for the one-dimensional Benney-Luke equation in the case of strong surface tension is investigated rigorously and the critical wave speeds are computed explicitly. For the Klein-Gordon equation, the stability of the traveling standing waves is considered and the exact ranges of the wave speeds and the frequencies n...

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the Bianchi Class A cosmological models is expressed generally in terms of the second-order differential equation like the Klein-Gordon equation. To obtain the positive-definite probability density, a new method extending the Dirac-Square-Root formalism, which factorizes the Wheeler-DeWitt equation into the first-order differential equation using the Pauli matric...

Robert Gordon’s trip to the Mogok ruby mines in northern Burma, as reported in his testament to the Royal Geographical Society in 1888, represents one of the most blatant uses of travel as empire building in the Mekong Region. While European explorers and adventurers had been travelling to and along the region for centuries, most had been intent on mapping, surveying and categorizing its conten...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sleep is important to child development, but there is limited understanding of individual developmental patterns of sleep, their underlying determinants, and how these influence health and well-being. This article explores the presence of various sleep patterns in children and their implications for healthrelated quality of life. METHODS: Data were collected from the ...