We have constructed a new series of lentivirus vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that can transduce nondividing cells. The U3 region of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) in vector constructs was replaced with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, resulting in Tat-independent transcription but still maintaining high levels of expression. A self-inactivating (SIN) vector ...

Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) is an efficient virus-induced gene silencing vector in functional genomics analyses of a broad range of plant species. Here, an Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation (agroinoculation) system was developed for the ALSV vector, and virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (VITGS) is described in plants infected with the ALSV vector. The cDNAs of ALSV RNA1 and ...

BACKGROUND The episomal replication of the prototype vector pEPI-1 depends on a transcription unit starting from the constitutively expressed Cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-IEP) and directed into a 2000 bp long matrix attachment region sequence (MARS) derived from the human beta-interferon gene. The original pEPI-1 vector contains two mammalian transcription units and a total of ...

We describe the analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter using an HSV-1-based vector system. Sequences under investigation for LAT promoter activity were analysed for their ability to direct chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression, either in transfection assays or following their insertion into an HSV-1 vector from which the endo...

background genetic manipulation of chloroplast in higher plants offers a number of unique prerogatives, including; undesirable of pleiotropic genome and gene silencing effects and also use as an important agronomic trait for producing essential biomaterials and industrial enzymes. in order to manipulate chloroplast genome, specific vectors are required. these vectors can be transformed and expr...

for high-throughput production of recombinant protein in escherichia coli ( e. coli ), besides important parameters such as efficient vector with strong promoter and compatible host, other important issues including codon usage, rare codons, and gc content specially at n-terminal region should be considered. in the current study, the effect of decreasing the percentage of gc nucleotides and opt...

objective: the clavulanic acid regulatory gene (clar) is in the clavulanic acid biosynthetic gene cluster that encodes clar. this protein is a putative regulator of the late steps of clavulanic acid biosynthesis. the aim of this research is the molecular cloning of clar, isolated from the iranian strain of streptomyces clavuligerus (s. clavuligerus). materials and methods: in this experimental ...

vp2 gene coding region of a vaccinal strain (d78) of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was clonedin a eukaryotic expression vector, psec tag2a. the gene was placed downstream of ig κ chain leadersequence, under the control of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate early enhancer and promoter. theconstruct psec tag2a-vp2 was transfected in cos-7 cell line and the expression and secretion of...