Introduction Conclusions References

10 Liquefaction of ligno-cellulosic biomass is one of the chemical conversion technologies for 11 developing new materials, adhesives and energy systems. The liquefaction process also 12 provides an opportunity to utilize ligno–cellulosic wastes such as saw-dust, woody wastes, 13 branches and twigs, agro-residues, etc. for the development of value added products. This 14 paper presents the liqu...

Programmatic assessment is an integral approach to the design of an assessment program with the intent to optimise its learning function, its decision-making function and its curriculum quality-assurance function. Individual methods of assessment, purposefully chosen for their alignment with the curriculum outcomes and their information value for the learner, the teacher and the organisation, a...

Purpose appears in all privacy guidelines, codes, policies, and legislations. It plays a central role in many privacy-related systems such as P3P, Hippocratic databases, EPAL, and XACML. We show that the P3P 12 standard purposes mix uses of personal information with acts on personal information and mix uses of personal information privacy with other states of affairs that have several interpret...

The Fulcrum method developed by the author 12 years ago is reviewed in retrospective. The main concept is fulcrums — sentence elements which serve as basic points for analysis, the main procedure is the pass method. The first, simplified version was computerized, the second, having an heuristic component, was ready for realisation. Arguments are given for the theoretical and practical value of ...

It is incumbent on medical schools to show, both to regulatory bodies and to the public at large, that their graduating students are "fit for purpose" as tomorrow's doctors. Since students graduate by virtue of passing assessments, it is vital that schools quality assure their assessment procedures, standards, and outcomes. An important part of this quality assurance process is the appropriate ...

The goal of the paper is to check whether the real eigenstates of the observables in the single qudit Pauli group may lead to quantum contextuality, the property that mutually compatible and independent experiments depend on each other. We find that quantum contextuality crops up at dimension twelve in various configurations with a few rays. We use the Shannon capacity for characterizing the co...

Consumer telecommunication integrated circuits and wireless communication devices, such as cell phone systems and wireless local area network systems, require high-performance analog and radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). As the technology advances, nowadays billions of transistors can be integrated into one single chip. Placement is essential to both digital and analog integrated ...