Safety systems for railways have shifted from electronic relays to more computer-oriented approaches. This article highlights the language EURIS from NS Railinfrabeheer, which champions an objectoriented method for the specification of interlocking logics.

This paper discusses the relationship between COTS software (Commercial-off-the-shelf) and FLOSS (Freely Licensed Open Source Software) from a purely business perspective. The emphasis of this work is on safety-centric industries such as aerospace, automotive, and railways.

Healthcare workers are at risk of contracting new coronavirus infections (COVID-19) due to their job responsibilities. The study aims explore the incidence a infection medical private healthcare organization (PHO) JSC "Russian Railways". To analyze COVID-19 among PHO Railways", we used data weekly monitoring conducted by company from 5.04.2020 28.03.2021. ?2 method was for statistical processin...

1872 marked the start of commercial railway operations in Japan, nearly half a century after railways had started in the UK. However, electric railways did not appear until 1890 at an exhibition held in Ueno, 10 years after the start in Europe but only 2 years after Frank J. Sprague (1857–1934) started running electric streetcars in Richmond, USA, in 1888, which triggered the rapid spread of el...

This paper explores the arguments, both in favour of and against vertical integration in railways, taking into account liberalisation requirements according to EU-legislation. It draws on industrial economics insight and combines it with illustrations from the German railway business. Since privatisation, next to liberalisation and restructuring, is taken as a central means of strengthening the...

In this paper we describe the successful application of a sophisticated Operations Research model and the corresponding solution techniques for scheduling the 6,500+ drivers and conductors of the Dutch railway operator NS Reizigers (Netherlands Railways). In 2001 the drivers and conductors were very dissatisfied with the structure of their duties, which led to nation wide strikes. However, the ...

Escherichia coli O157:H7, predominantly originated from beef, is a significant pathogen to the public health and thus, needs to be vigorously surveyed in meat samples. Three (6%) of 50 ground beef samples were found to be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, but it was not detected any of 50 chicken drumsticks. This contamination rate of ground beef samples indicated that unhygienic practices pre...

1 Helsinki University of Technology, Software Business and Engineering Institute, P.O. Box 9210, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland. Email: {Timo.Asikainen, Tomi.Mannisto, Timo.Soininen }@hut.fi Abstract. We study the possibility of applying configuration techniques developed for mechanical and electronics products to software. We analyse and compare the underlying concepts of three feature modelling metho...

This paper analyses the extent and speed of railway reform in transition economies. EU-accession railways, which are financially weak and losing market share to road transport, have advanced on the railway reform path more than cash-flow rich CIS railways, which enjoy a captive market in freight. Reform agendas are ambitious on paper but suffer from implementation delays. The combination of fav...

In this paper an alternative railway power systems design based on an HVDC feeder is studied. The HVDC feeder is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line is also appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railways working at public frequency. A unit commitment optimal power flow model has been developed and is applied on a test system. In this paper, the model is presented in ...