Laboratory experiments revealed that DL-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl analog at rates of 224 and 448 kg amino acid/ha reduced the number of Belonolaimus longicaudatus mixed life-stages and Meloidogyne incognita J2 in soil, whereas L-threonine and lysine were not effective in reducing the number of either nematode. Futhermore, greenhouse experiments...

T under intensive management are often subject to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Diseases usually are most damaging when weather or cultural conditions favor the disease-causing agent but not plant growth and vigor. Cultural conditions that enhance turfgrass diseases include close mowing, inadequate or excessive nitrogen fertility, light and frequent irrigations, excessive thatch, poor drain...

Abstract Turfgrass with sand‐based root zones, such as golf course putting greens, are highly important economically and require intense management. However, problems often associated low nutrient retention limited microbial activity. Soil additives may increase soil biological activity, improve nitrogen (N) cycling efficiency, thus reduce fertilizer N inputs. A 2‐yr experiment was conducted on...

As urbanization in the world increases, irrigated landscapes have become common developing world, particularly temperate and warm regions. Although these provide esthetic value, they can also consume resources such as potable water. In United States, this consumption of water for a discretionary use has come into focus supplies continue to limited. This reality will affect turfgrass future. The...

Sodium (Na) constitutes about2.8percent of the earth's crust, in similar proportion to potassium (K) at 2.6 percent. Both elements are chemically similar and exist in soils as monovalent cations (they have a single positive charge). As such, they are bound to cation exchange sites on soil colloids. However, positive sodium ions (Na) attract a larger shell of hydration water than does positive p...

History In 1876, a country doctor in Germany by the name of Robert Koch developed the first conclusive empirical evidence that a particular microbe causes a particular disease. Although he was working on anthrax, a deadly disease of warm-blooded animals (caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis), the procedures he laid out for determining the pathogenicity of a microorganism (in other words, ...

Land and water resources are becoming scarce and are insufficient to sustain the burgeoning population. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting agricultural productions across the world. Cultivation of salt-tolerant turfgrass species may be promising option under such conditions where poor quality water can also be used for these crops. Coastal lands in developing count...

As restrictions on water use, fertilization, and pesticide applications continue to increase, golf course superintendents will need to use grass species that require reduced inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative turfgrass species under lowinput fairways conditions. In 2005, 17 species were established on native soil in St. Paul, MN. Each species was evaluated at three ...