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Denser ionisation clustering and complex DNA damage in proton Bragg peaks far exceeds that seen with conventional X-rays. This results in more efficient cell sterilisation, quantified by the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Currently, a 1.1 RBE is used to determine the clinical proton doses by dividing the usual X-rays dose by this amount. This number, derived from short-term experiment...

Radiotherapy is a well-established regimen for nearly half the cancer patients worldwide. However, not all cancer patients respond to irradiation treatment, and radioresistance is highly associated with poor prognosis and risk of recurrence. Elucidation of the biological characteristics of radioresistance and development of effective prognostic markers to guide clinical decision making clearly ...

1Department of Applied Radiobiology, Centre of Oncology – Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Poland 2Department of Tumour Pathology, Centre of Oncology – Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Poland 3Department of Head and Neck Cancers, Centre of Oncology – Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Poland 4Department of Surgical Oncolog...

'The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Experimental Therapy, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Division of Radiobiology and Radioecology, PO Box 1, 1755 SG, Petten, The Netherlands; 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery and Washington Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, ...

The current knowledge of radiation effects is reviewed and implications for its application in healthcare considered. The 21st L H Gray conference gathered leading experts in radiobiology, radiation epidemiology, radiation effect modelling, and the application of radiation in medicine to provide an overview of the subject. The latest radiobiology research in non-targeted effects such as genomic...