the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of outside board on rm value in tehran stock exchange (tse) from the perspective of information transaction costs. to do so, a sample of 96 firms listed in tse is selected to be studied during the period of 2003-2012. tobin q ratio is used to measure rm's value and bid-ask spread for information transaction costs. in addition to these v...

purpose: to present a case of orbital granular cell tumor, a rare orbital tumor. case report: a 55-year-old woman presented with binocular diplopia and right ocular displacement. the problem had initiated 3 years ago. a firm nontender mass at the region of the right lower lid was visible. orbital ct-scan disclosed a well-defined mass in the inferior right orbit with involvement of the inferior ...

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with brain metastases are a heterogeneous population. In contrast to patients primary tumors, these require individualized therapy based on the type and status of systemic cancer, number volume metastases, anticipated efficacy survival. Therapeutic options for metastasis; surgical, radiation precision medicine approaches have increased in recent years as has surviva...

results there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups with respect to the recurrence rate (p > 0.05). although the recurrence interval was longer for the metformin group, this increase was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). furthermore, tumor recurrence had no correlation with sex or the grade of the tumors. conclusions according to our findings, it seems that metformin has no c...

package design is an important factor in product manufacturing that must be performed based on customer requirements. this paper introduces cardboard approach using raw materials according to standards and also effective requirements so, using materials based on specific standards will play important role. the materials and its production process used for packaging manufacturers to supply produ...

the ability of boards to perform their roles depends largely on their composition. board composition refers to the number of directors and type of members as determined by the usual insider or outsider classification. several empirical studies in other country have concluded that board composition determines a board’s power as an instrument of corporate control and contributes to company perfor...