The spontaneous activity and impulse conduction velocities of mitral and tufted cells were compared in the entire main olfactory bulb of freely breathing, anesthetized rats. Single units in the mitral cell body layer (MCL) and external plexiform layer (EPL) were identified by antidromic activation from the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), electrode track reconstructions based on dye marking, and ...

In the past decade, much has been elucidated regarding the functional organization of the axonal connection of olfactory sensory neurons to olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. However, the manner in which projection neurons of the OB process odorant input and send this information to higher brain centers remains unclear. Here, we report long-range, large-scale tracing of the axonal projection patter...

In many brain regions, hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents (Ih) are involved in the generation of rhythmic activities, but the role of Ih in olfactory oscillations remains unclear. Knowledge of the cellular and subcellular distributions of hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN) subunits is necessary for understanding the role of Ih in olfactory network a...

Asymmetries in resource-holding potential between opposing groups frequently determine outcomes of intergroup contests. Since both numerical superiority and high intergroup dominance rank may confer competitive advantages, group members should benefit from assessing the relative strength of rivals prior to engaging in defensive displays. However, differences in individual assessment may emerge ...

Unilateral olfactory deprivation during postnatal development produces significant structural and neurochemical modifications of the olfactory bulb. In the present report, we describe the functional consequences of such deprivation. Rat pups had a single naris occluded on postnatal day 2 (PN2) to deprive them of early olfactory stimulation. On PN20-22, the occluded naris was reopened, the previ...

INTRODUCTION In vivo, most neurons in the main olfactory bulb exhibit robust spontaneous activity. This paper tests the hypothesis that spontaneous activity in olfactory receptor neurons drives much of the spontaneous activity in mitral and tufted cells via excitatory synapses. METHODS Single units were recorded in vivo from the main olfactory bulb of a rat before, during, and after applicati...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by specific filamentous tau inclusions present in 3 types of cells including oligodendrocytes (coiled bodies), astrocytes (tufted astrocytes), and neurons (neurofibrillary tangles; NFTs). To correlate the morphological features and biochemical composition of tau in the inclusions, we examined tau filament-enriched fractions isolated from sel...

Olfactory sensory function declines with age; though, the underlying molecular changes that occur in the olfactory bulb (OB) are relatively unknown. An important cellular signaling molecule involved in the processing, modulation, and formation of olfactory memories is nitric oxide (NO). However, excess NO can result in the production of peroxynitrite to cause oxidative and nitrosative stress. I...

Background With the expansion of the fashion industry the quantity of industrial pre-consumer textile waste has increased. It is estimated that approximately 10-20% of textiles are wasted during garment manufacture [1]. Reusing pre-consumer textile waste within the fashion supply chain offers many environmental advantages, including: · Directing waste away from landfill and incinerators · Conse...

Cathy Treadaway is the Research Assistant (Textiles) at the University of Wales Institute Cardiff, U.K. and is currently investigating the impact of digital imaging on textile practice for a PhD research project. Trained as a surface pattern and textile designer she has worked digitally since 1982 and was an early exponent of computer-aided surface pattern and textile design within UK art educa...