BACKGROUND Accurate immunosuppression is of critical importance in preventing rejection, while avoiding toxicity following lung transplantation. The mainstay immunosuppressants are calcineurin inhibitors, which require regular monitoring due to interactions with other medications and diet. Adherence to immunosuppression and patient knowledge is vital and can be improved through patient educatio...

We performed in total 528 kidney transplantations from Feb. 1983 to Dec. 1988 in Kidney Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College. Of the 528 kidney transplantations, 450 were living related kidney transplantations. The living related renal transplant recipients treated with CYA were divided into 3 groups: high dose CYA double drug therapy group (group 1), high dose CYA triple drug therapy group ...

The current vancomycin therapeutic guidelines recommend the use of only trough concentrations to manage the dosing of adults with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Both vancomycin efficacy and toxicity are likely to be related to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). We assembled richly sampled vancomycin pharmacokinetic data from three studies comprising 47 adults with vari...

The expansion of the settlement trough is an important factor in the risk assessment of the tunneling induced settlement. The increase of settlement trough requires buildings to be included in the impact zone, which causes damages. This paper conducts estimation of the settlement trough width (STW) using empirical approaches, field measurement data and numerical solutions. The credibility of th...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now endemic in many hospitals. Infection with MRSA is more frequent in the intensive care unit (ICU) than in general wards. Therefore, appropriate treatments for MRSA infections will lead to good outcomes in the ICU. Teicoplanin is an anti-MRSA agent. Recently, it was recommended at a new target trough concentration of 15-30 µg/mL. However, ...

Neely et al [1] have studied the disposition of voriconazole in children suspected or proven to have a fungal infection. Although this is important, and the pharmacokinetic data are most welcome in this difficult-to-study population, the ability to link the drug concentrations observed to outcome is the critical issue for this study. A number of other investigators have linked measures of voric...

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a twice daily regimen containing 400 mg of indinavir and 100 mg of ritonavir in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women during pregnancy. The median indinavir trough concentration was 208 ng/ml during the third trimester. At delivery, 26 of 28 women on indinavir-ritonavir had HIV RNA levels of <200 copies/ml. No infant was HIV infected. These...

Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of virological (responder = last viral load < 50 copies/ml) and PK data of patients (pts) administered with ATV 400 mg QD + 2 N(Nt)RTIs for at least 3 months was performed. Genotypic Sensitivity Score (GSS) and ATV resistance associated mutations (RAMs) were calculated according to Stanford database using cumulative genotype. ATV Ctrough was measur...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction achieved by the most frequently prescribed glaucoma drugs and a placebo in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven articles reporting on 28 randomized clinical trials. These articles reported 6953 participants for the trough and 6841 for the pea...

BACKGROUND Data regarding the most efficacious and least toxic schedules for the use of colistin are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the potential risk factors of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity including colistin plasma levels. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was conducted for over one year in patients receiving intravenous colistin methan...