BACKGROUND We compared trough levels and clinical outcomes in patients who received Prograf or Advagraf (tacrolimus) de novo following heart transplantation surgery. METHODS Eighty-two patients were included in this follow-up study. Biopsy results were controlled for the first 3 months after orthotopic heart transplantation. Trough levels were monitored for 4 weeks: daily during the first 7 d...

The lower eyelid can be a challenging area in facial rejuvenation. While lower eyelid bags are commonly the reason that patients present for lower eyelid rejuvenation, a separate entity known as a tear trough deformity may occur in conjunction with lower eyelid bags or alone. In this article, the authors outline the current understanding of the tear trough anatomy; describe multiple classificat...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Circadian rhythms may influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. This study aimed to elucidate whether the pharmacokinetics of the orally administered drug sunitinib are subject to circadian variation. METHODS We performed studies in male FVB-mice aged 8-12 weeks, treated with single-dose sunitinib at six dosing times. Plasma and tissue samples were obtained for pharmac...

In order to determine the utility of different perches in enriched colony housing systems for laying hens, the use of perches and an effect of the type and location in the system was examined in this behavioral study. Laying hens of the line Lohmann Selected Leghorn were housed in four different enriched colony housing systems which differed particularly in the alignment and arrangement of the ...

BACKGROUND A retrospective analysis was performed on adult renal transplant recipients to evaluate the relationship between tacrolimus trough concentrations and the development of rejection in the first month after transplant. METHODS A total of 349 concentrations from 29 patients, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were recorded. Based on an increased serum creatinine, 12...

Objective: To establish a tobramycin dosing schedule for neonates of various gestational ages. Methods: This was a retrospective study with prospective validation. A retrospective study in 470 neonates, with suspected septicemia in the first week of life, was performed. All patients received tobramycin according to the following scheme: neonates with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks rece...

BACKGROUND A trough concentration of >20 mg/L is considered the optimal dosage of teicoplanin required to ensure early therapeutic effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections including those in patients who develop febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. This study determines appropriate initial doses during the first 2 days of administration and evaluates the ...

Based on a previously derived population pharmacokinetic model, a novel neonatal amikacin dosing regimen was developed. The aim of the current study was to prospectively evaluate this dosing regimen. First, early (before and after second dose) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) observations were evaluated for achieving target trough (<3 mg/liter) and peak (>24 mg/liter) levels. Second, all obser...

The symmetry and monotonicity properties of steady periodic gravity water waves are established for arbitrary vorticities if the wave profile is monotone near the trough and every streamline attains a minimum below the trough. The proof uses the method of moving planes.

The pharmacokinetics of a 2-g bolus of cefepime were measured in critically ill patients with normal renal function. Variable and low trough plasma drug concentrations were found, and 8 of 10 patients had levels below the MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Computer simulations predicted that continuous infusion and shorter dosing intervals would increase ...