the present experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritive value of banana tree leaves and stems silage by use of in vitro gas production and as well in situ nylon bag techniques. experimental treatments were comprised of: 1- stems and leaves of banana trees (control), 2- stems and leaves of banana trees’ silage without addition of any additive, 3- stems and leaves of banana trees’ sil...

We present a novel framework for hierarchical collision detection that can be applied to virtually all bounding volume (BV) hierarchies. It allows an application to trade quality for speed. Our algorithm yields an estimation of the quality, so that applications can specify the desired quality. In a timecritical system, applications can specify the maximum time budget instead, and quantitatively...

wood farming and especially poplar plantation is a key answer to the increasing demand of raw materials in wood and cellulosic industries. according to the diversity of wood applications, taking into account the wood quality and grading by wood farmers/buyers as well as its quantity can lead to an optimal management of production and consumption. in this regard, it is necessary to introduce and...

The automatic extraction of relations between entities expressed in natural language text is an important problem for IR and text understanding. In this paper we show how different kernels for parse trees can be combined to improve the relation extraction quality. On a public benchmark dataset the combination of a kernel for phrase grammar parse trees and for dependency parse trees outperforms ...

Trees are cultivated in public and private landscapes in and around cities and towns. They are grown for the tremendous contributions they make both to the environment and the quality of people’s lives. In this urban forest, trees must be removed when they die or for reasons of health, safety, or necessary changes in the landscape. The wood from these felled landscape trees could potentially be...

Some of the most efficient heuristics for the Euclidean Steiner minimal trees in the d-dimensional space, d ≥ 2, use Delaunay tessellations and minimum spanning trees to determine small subsets of geometrically close terminals. Their low-cost Steiner trees are determined and concatenated in a greedy fashion to obtain low cost trees spanning all terminals. The weakness of this approach is that o...

degradation of natural habitats and decreasing of genetic diversity of populus caspica led to vast reduction of its regeneration and growth potential in north of iran. hence, the growth potential of mass-produced seedlings was compared with their parents. for this purpose, the ramets of three selected seedlings from 17 parent trees belonging to north of iran, along with ramets of their parent t...

In computational phylogenetics, the problem of constructing a supertree of a given set of rooted input trees can be formalized in different ways, to cope with contradictory information in the input. We consider the Minimum Flip Supertree problem, where the input trees are transformed into a 0/1/?-matrix, such that each row represents a taxon, and each column represents an inner node of one of t...