BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Complete elimination of intrahepatic duct (IHD) stones is difficult and IHD stone disease is frequently associated with various complications, recurrence and sometimes cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, we analyzed the long-term surgical results and evaluated the management currently considered appropriate. METHODS Overall 110 patients who had been diagnosed with benign IHD stone...

AIM To explore the efficacy of tear trough deformity treatment with the use of hyaluronic acid gel or autologous fat for soft tissue augmentation and fat repositioning via arcus marginalis release. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-eight patients with the tear trough were divided into three groups. Class I has tear trough without bulging orbital fat or excess of the lower eyelid skin. Class II is ...

The psychological health and the normal course of development of a child are closely determined by the nature of the security, predictability, and appropriateness of the immediate social environment. For most children, in Western postindustrial culture, this environment centres upon the nuclear family. Over the last four decades there has evolved a psychotherapeutic intervention that takes fami...

The disease was first described by Hippocrates in 460-377 BC. Since then it has been reported upon by countless authors. Whenever there is a massive gathering of human population, as in wars, the disease is likely to occur in epidemic form. At other times, the disease shows itself by sporadic cases and occasional epidemics. Thus a remarkable epidemic of 35,000 cases occurred in Delhi in 1955. T...

The Court report in 1976 laid down the classic blueprint for the organisation of children's mental health services.' Since then the priorities of health and other services have changed.2 Social services in some parts of the country have had to redirect social workers from child guidance to child protection work, often because of the major increase in reporting of child sexual abuse, and now als...

Two basic types of cancers were identified – those with the mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells (the Warburg effect) or in fibroblasts supplying energy rich metabolites to a cancer cell with functional mitochondria (the reverse Warburg effect). Inner membrane potential of the functional and dysfunctional mitochondria measured by fluorescent dyes (e.g. by Rhodamine 123) displays low...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system. IBD consists of autoimmune diseases that attack the GI mucosa, resulting in inflammation of the gut wall. For this discussion, we will be focusing on ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The main differences between the two are that ulcerative colitis mainly involves the large intesti...

In a longitudinal clinical trial the treatment times needed for the fabrication of veneer restorations (VRs) were recorded and analysed. Treatment times were determined for: (1) direct resin composite (DC), (2) indirect resin composite (IC) and (3) porcelain (P) veneer restorations and for two preparation designs, with and without incisal coverage. Significant effects on the treatment times wer...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system. IBD consists of autoimmune diseases that attack the GI mucosa, resulting in inflammation of the gut wall. For this discussion, we will be focusing on ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The main differences between the two are that ulcerative colitis mainly involves the large intesti...